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the best president ever

  • 1 jamás

    adv.
    never, ever, absolutely never, never in one's life.
    * * *
    1 (+ indic) never; (+ subj) ever
    \
    por siempre jamás for ever (and ever)
    * * *
    ADV never; [con negación, en interrogación] ever

    ¡jamás! — never!

    ¿se vio jamás tal cosa? — did you ever see such a thing?

    ¡jamás de los jamases! — never in your life!

    * * *
    adverbio never

    jamás volverá a suceder or no volverá a suceder jamás — it will never happen again

    nunca jamás or (fam) jamás de los jamases — never ever

    por or para siempre jamás — for ever and ever

    * * *
    = never, ever!, never in a month of Sundays.
    Ex. Plans were made to issue a concise version of AACR1, but these plans never came to fruition.
    Ex. Consider for example, a teacher who doesn't change his password (ever!) or can't be bothered to log out, all the firewalls and antivirus programs in the world will not protect a school's network.
    Ex. The two stepsisters also wondered who the newcomer was, for never in a month of Sundays, would they ever have guessed that the beautiful girl was really poor Cinderella who talked to the cat!.
    ----
    * jamás visto = unseen.
    * nunca jamás = never again.
    * * *
    adverbio never

    jamás volverá a suceder or no volverá a suceder jamás — it will never happen again

    nunca jamás or (fam) jamás de los jamases — never ever

    por or para siempre jamás — for ever and ever

    * * *
    = never, ever!, never in a month of Sundays.

    Ex: Plans were made to issue a concise version of AACR1, but these plans never came to fruition.

    Ex: Consider for example, a teacher who doesn't change his password (ever!) or can't be bothered to log out, all the firewalls and antivirus programs in the world will not protect a school's network.
    Ex: The two stepsisters also wondered who the newcomer was, for never in a month of Sundays, would they ever have guessed that the beautiful girl was really poor Cinderella who talked to the cat!.
    * jamás visto = unseen.
    * nunca jamás = never again.

    * * *
    jamás había oído cosa igual I'd never heard anything like it
    jamás volverá a suceder or no volverá a suceder jamás it will never happen again
    nunca jamásor jamás de los jamases never ever
    por or para siempre jamás for ever and ever
    * * *

     

    Del verbo jamar: ( conjugate jamar)

    jamas es:

    2ª persona singular (tú) presente indicativo

    jamás adverbio
    never;

    nunca jamás never ever;
    por or para siempre jamás for ever and ever
    jamás adverbio
    1 (nunca) never: jamás lo había visto, I had never seen it before
    jamás te haría daño, I'd never hurt you
    2 (alguna vez) ever: la peor historia jamás contada, the worst story ever told
    3 (intensificador) nunca jamás, never again
    jamás en la vida, never in my life
    ♦ Locuciones: por siempre jamás, for ever (and ever)

    ' jamás' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    actual
    - no
    - nunca
    - siempre
    - tamaña
    - tamaño
    English:
    actual
    - again
    - ago
    - best
    - ever
    - fascinating
    - never
    - see
    - place
    * * *
    jamás adv
    never;
    no lo he visto jamás I've never seen him;
    la mejor novela que jamás se haya escrito the best novel ever written;
    jamás en la vida había visto algo así never before had I seen such a thing, I'd never seen such a thing in all my life;
    nunca jamás never ever;
    por siempre jamás for evermore;
    Fam
    ¡jamás de los jamases! not in a million years!
    * * *
    adv never;
    jamás te olvidaré I’ll never forget you;
    ¿viste jamás algo así? did you ever see anything like it?;
    nunca jamás never ever;
    por siempre jamás for ever and ever
    * * *
    jamás adv
    1) nunca: never
    2)
    jamás de los jamases : never ever
    3)
    para siempre jamás : for ever and ever
    * * *
    jamás adv
    1. (nunca) never

    Spanish-English dictionary > jamás

  • 2 llegar

    v.
    1 to arrive (to a place).
    llegar a un hotel/una ciudad to arrive at a hotel/in a city
    llegar a casa to get home
    ¿falta mucho para llegar o para que lleguemos? is there far to go?
    llegaré pronto I'll be there soon
    Ellos llegan tarde They arrive late.
    2 to come (time).
    cuando llegue el momento te enterarás you'll find out when the time comes
    ha llegado el invierno winter has arrived
    La oportunidad llegó The opportunity came.
    3 to be enough.
    4 to receive, to get, to be handed.
    Te llegó un carta You received a letter.
    5 to be the host for.
    Nos llegó mucha gente We were the host for a lot of people.
    6 to come to, to filter through to.
    Nos llegó la noticia The news filtered through to us.
    * * *
    (g changes to gu before e)
    Past Indicative
    llegué, llegaste, llegó, llegamos, llegasteis, llegaron.
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperative
    llega (tú), llegue (él/Vd.), lleguemos (nos.), llegad (vos.), lleguen (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    3) come
    •
    * * *
    Para las expresiones llegar al alma, llegar lejos, llegar a las manos, ver la otra entrada.
    1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO
    1) [movimiento, destino, procedencia] to arrive

    avíseme cuando llegue — tell me when he arrives {o} comes

    el vuelo llegará a las 14:15 — the flight gets in at 14:15

    llegará en tren/autobús — he will come by train/bus

    • llegar [a], cuando llegamos a Bilbao estaba lloviendo — when we got to {o} arrived in Bilbao it was raining

    ¿a qué hora llegaste a casa? — what time did you get home?

    • llegarle [a alguien], ¿te ha llegado ya el paquete? — have you got the parcel yet?

    •[estar] al llegar, Carlos debe de estar al llegar — Carlos should be arriving any minute now

    •[hacer] llegar algo a algn, hacer llegar una carta a algn — to send sb a letter

    ¿le puedes hacer llegar este recado? — could you give her this message?

    ¿le has hecho llegar el dinero? — did you get the money to her?

    santo
    2) (=alcanzar)
    a) [con las manos] to reach

    ¿me puedes quitar la cortina? yo no llego — could you take the curtain down for me? I can't reach

    b) [indicando distancia, nivel]

    esta cuerda no llega — this rope isn't long enough, this rope won't reach

    el tema de la película no me llega — the subject of the film does nothing for me {o} leaves me cold

    • llegar [a] {o} [hasta] — to come up to

    el vestido le llega hasta los pies — the dress comes {o} goes down to her feet

    la cola llegaba hasta la puerta — the queue went {o} reached back as far as the door

    • me llega al [corazón] ver tanto sufrimiento — seeing so much suffering touches me to the heart

    a tanto no llego —

    soy bastante inteligente pero a tanto no llego — I'm reasonably clever, but not enough to do that

    podría dejarle un millón, pero dos no, a tanto no llego — I might let her have a million, but not two, I'm not prepared to go as far as that

    camisa 1), suela 1)
    c) [indicando duración] to last

    el pobrecito no llegará a las Navidades — the poor thing won't make it to {o} last till Christmas

    le falta un año para llegar a la jubilación — he has a year to go till {o} before he retires

    3) llegar a ({+ sustantivo})
    a) (=conseguir) [+ acuerdo, conclusión] to reach, come to

    ¿cómo has conseguido llegar a la fama? — how did you manage to achieve fame {o} become famous?

    le costó pero llegó a arquitecto — it wasn't easy, but he eventually managed to become an architect

    b) [con cantidades] to come to

    los gastos totales llegaron a 1.000 euros — the total expenditure came to 1,000 euros

    la audiencia de este programa ha llegado a cinco millones — (Radio) as many as five million people have listened to this programme; (TV) the viewing figures for this programme have been as high as five million

    4) llegar a ({+ infin})
    a) (=conseguir)

    llegó a conocer a varios directores de cine — she met {o} got to know several film directors

    • si lo llego a [saber] — if I had known

    • llegar a [ser] famoso/el jefe — to become famous/the boss

    • llegar a [ver], no llegó a ver la película terminada — he never saw the film finished

    temí no llegar a ver el año nuevo — I feared I wouldn't live to see the new year, I feared I wouldn't make it to the new year

    b) [como algo extremo]

    llegué a estar tan mal, que casi no podía moverme — I got so bad, I could hardly move

    • puede llegar a [alcanzar] los 300km/h — it can reach speeds of up to 300km/h

    la popularidad que un actor puede llegar a alcanzar a través de la televisión — the popularity an actor can come to attain from being on television

    • ¿llegó a [creer] que sería campeón del mundo? — did you ever believe you'd be world champion?

    yo había llegado a creer que estábamos en el camino de superar ese problema — I had really started to believe that we were on the way to overcoming that problem

    • llegó al [punto] de robarle — he even went so far as to rob her

    5) (=bastar) to be enough

    •[hacer] llegar el sueldo a fin de mes — to make ends meet

    6) [momento, acontecimiento] to come
    2.
    VERBO TRANSITIVO (=acercar) to bring up, bring over
    3.
    See:
    LLEGAR Llegar a A la hora de traducir llegar a al inglés, tenemos que diferenciar entre arrive in y arrive at. ► Empleamos arrive in con países, ciudades, pueblos {etc}: Esperamos llegar a Italia el día 11 de junio We expect to arrive in Italy on 11 June Llegaremos a Córdoba dentro de dos horas We'll be arriving in Cordoba in two hours' time ► En cambio, se traduce por arrive at cuando nos referimos a lugares más pequeños, como aeropuertos, estaciones, {etc}. La expresión llegar a casa es una excepción, ya que se traduce por arrive/ get home, es decir, sin preposición: Llegamos al aeropuerto con cuatro horas de retraso We arrived at the airport four hours late Llegué a casa completamente agotada I arrived home completely exhausted Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) persona/tren/carta to arrive

    tienen que estar por or al llegar — they'll be arriving any minute now

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — is it much further (to go)?

    llegar a — a país/ciudad to arrive in; a edificio to arrive at

    llegar a casa — to arrive o get home

    ¿adónde quieres llegar? — what do you mean?

    2)
    a) camino/ruta ( extenderse)

    llegar hasta — to go all the way to, go as far as

    b) (ir)

    llegar a or hasta: este tren no llega hasta or a Lima this train doesn't go as far as o all the way to Lima; sólo llega al tercer piso — it only goes (up) to the third floor

    3) día/invierno to come, arrive

    ha llegado el momento de... — the time has come to...

    4)
    a) ( alcanzar) to reach

    llegar a algo — a acuerdo to reach something

    llegué a la conclusión de que... — I reached o came to the conclusion that...

    b) (Esp) dinero/materiales ( ser suficiente) to be enough
    c) (alcanzar a medir, costar, etc)

    llegará lejos — she'll go far o a long way

    ¿llegó a saberlo? — did she ever find out?

    5) llegar a + inf

    llegué a pensar que... — I even began to think that...

    las cosas han llegado a tal punto que... — things have reached such a point that...

    si lo llego a saber, no vengo — if I'd known, I wouldn't have come

    si llego a enterarme de algo, te aviso — if I happen to hear anything, I'll let you know

    6) estilo/música (ser entendido, aceptado)
    2.
    llegarse v pron (fam)
    * * *
    = arrive, drop, turn up, come in, come, come to + Posesivo + attention, come with, roll in.
    Ex. The time has arrived when it is more appropriate to ask why cataloguing is still conducted on a manual basis, rather than to seek to justify the use of computers in cataloguing.
    Ex. The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex. Results showed that many users turn up at the library with only a sketcky idea of what they would like and spend much time browsing.
    Ex. Their duty is to come in before school each morning and check that the book checking system is in order and that the library is tidy and presentable.
    Ex. This article urges children's librarians to attack 'aliteracy' (lack of a desire to read) as well as illiteracy by taking programmes, e.g. story hours, to children who do not come to libraries.
    Ex. Information vital to certain people might not come to their attention if such people must rely only upon regular scanning of large numbers of periodicals.
    Ex. The problem comes with ideographic languages.
    Ex. With the summer rolling in, many of you might be looking for instructions on how to make fresh iced tea.
    ----
    * al llegar = on arrival.
    * cortar llegando al hueso = cut to + the bone.
    * cuando llegue la hora = when the time comes.
    * día + estar por llegar = day + be + yet to come.
    * estar aún por llegar = be yet to come.
    * haber llegado = be upon us.
    * hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.
    * hasta donde llegue = to the limits of.
    * llegar a = come to, reach, reach out to, find + Posesivo + way to, get through to, come up to, pull into, strike + a chord with.
    * llegar a acuerdo = make + arrangements.
    * llegar a casa = get + home.
    * llegar a esperar = come to + expect.
    * llegar a final de mes = make + ends meet.
    * llegar a formar parte de = find + Posesivo + way into/onto.
    * llegar a + Infinitivo = come to + Infinitivo.
    * llegar a + Infinitivo + se = come to be + Participio Pasado.
    * llegar a la conclusión = conclude, form + impression.
    * llegar a la conclusión de que = come to + the conclusion that, come up with + the conclusion that, get + the idea that.
    * llegar al corazón de = go to + the heart of.
    * llegar al extremo de = get to + the point of, go to + the extreme of.
    * llegar al extremo de + Infinitivo = go + (as/so) far as + Infinitivo.
    * llegar al final de = come to + the end of, get through.
    * llegar al final de su vida útil = come to + the end of + Posesivo + useful life, reach + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * llegar al fondo de la cuestión = see to the + bottom of things.
    * llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the bottom of.
    * llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the root of.
    * llegar al límite = reach + the breaking point.
    * llegar al límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.
    * llegar al meollo de la cuestión = arrive at + the heart of the matter.
    * llegar al punto álgido = reach + a head.
    * llegar al punto crítico = come to + a head.
    * llegar al punto de = be at the point of.
    * llegar al punto de + Infinitivo = go + (as/so) far as + Infinitivo.
    * llegar al quid de la cuestión = arrive at + the heart of the matter.
    * llegar a + Lugar = make + it + to + Lugar.
    * llegar andando pausadamente = stroll into + view.
    * llegar a ser = become, develop into.
    * llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.
    * llegar a su fin = wind down, draw to + a close, draw to + an end.
    * llegar a tiempo = arrive + in time, arrive + on time.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a una conclusión = draw + conclusion, make + deduction, reach + conclusion, arrive at + conclusion.
    * llegar a un acuerdo = conclude + agreement, reach + agreement, make + an undertaking, make + bargain, come to + consensus, reach + understanding, have + meeting of the minds, reach + consensus, hammer out + agreement, develop + compromise, work out + agreement, strike + deal, conclude + deal.
    * llegar a una decisión = arrive at + decision.
    * llegar a una definición = hammer out + definition.
    * llegar a una etapa = reach + point.
    * llegar a una solución = arrive at + a solution.
    * llegar a una solución intermedia = meet + Nombre + halfway.
    * llegar a un compromiso = reach + agreement, meet + Nombre + halfway.
    * llegar a un consenso = come to + consensus, reach + consensus.
    * llegar a un consenso sobre = get + a consensus on.
    * llegar a un extremo = reach + epic proportions.
    * llegar a un momento importante en su historia = reach + milestone.
    * llegar a un punto crítico = reach + turning point.
    * llegar a un veredicto = reach + verdict.
    * llegar demasiado lejos = go + too far.
    * llegar el momento en el que = reach + the point where.
    * llegar la hora de = time + come.
    * llegar lejos = get + far.
    * llegar más lejos = stretch + further.
    * llegar muy lejos = go + a long way, come + a long way.
    * llegar noticias = come to + Posesivo + notice.
    * llegar poco a poco = dribble in.
    * llegar tarde = arrive + late, run + late.
    * llegar tarde (a) = be late (for).
    * llegar tarde a casa = stay out + late.
    * llegar tarde al trabajo = be late for work.
    * lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.
    * momento + llegar = time + approach.
    * no haber llegado todavía = be yet to come.
    * no llegar a = stop + short of, fall + short of.
    * no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * no llegar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.
    * no llegar a un ideal = fall + short of ideal.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * recesión + llegar = recession + set in.
    * ser un medio para llegar a un fin = be the means to an end.
    * si se llega a un acuerdo = subject to + agreement.
    * un medio para llegar a fin = a means to an end.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) persona/tren/carta to arrive

    tienen que estar por or al llegar — they'll be arriving any minute now

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — is it much further (to go)?

    llegar a — a país/ciudad to arrive in; a edificio to arrive at

    llegar a casa — to arrive o get home

    ¿adónde quieres llegar? — what do you mean?

    2)
    a) camino/ruta ( extenderse)

    llegar hasta — to go all the way to, go as far as

    b) (ir)

    llegar a or hasta: este tren no llega hasta or a Lima this train doesn't go as far as o all the way to Lima; sólo llega al tercer piso — it only goes (up) to the third floor

    3) día/invierno to come, arrive

    ha llegado el momento de... — the time has come to...

    4)
    a) ( alcanzar) to reach

    llegar a algo — a acuerdo to reach something

    llegué a la conclusión de que... — I reached o came to the conclusion that...

    b) (Esp) dinero/materiales ( ser suficiente) to be enough
    c) (alcanzar a medir, costar, etc)

    llegará lejos — she'll go far o a long way

    ¿llegó a saberlo? — did she ever find out?

    5) llegar a + inf

    llegué a pensar que... — I even began to think that...

    las cosas han llegado a tal punto que... — things have reached such a point that...

    si lo llego a saber, no vengo — if I'd known, I wouldn't have come

    si llego a enterarme de algo, te aviso — if I happen to hear anything, I'll let you know

    6) estilo/música (ser entendido, aceptado)
    2.
    llegarse v pron (fam)
    * * *
    = arrive, drop, turn up, come in, come, come to + Posesivo + attention, come with, roll in.

    Ex: The time has arrived when it is more appropriate to ask why cataloguing is still conducted on a manual basis, rather than to seek to justify the use of computers in cataloguing.

    Ex: The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex: Results showed that many users turn up at the library with only a sketcky idea of what they would like and spend much time browsing.
    Ex: Their duty is to come in before school each morning and check that the book checking system is in order and that the library is tidy and presentable.
    Ex: This article urges children's librarians to attack 'aliteracy' (lack of a desire to read) as well as illiteracy by taking programmes, e.g. story hours, to children who do not come to libraries.
    Ex: Information vital to certain people might not come to their attention if such people must rely only upon regular scanning of large numbers of periodicals.
    Ex: The problem comes with ideographic languages.
    Ex: With the summer rolling in, many of you might be looking for instructions on how to make fresh iced tea.
    * al llegar = on arrival.
    * cortar llegando al hueso = cut to + the bone.
    * cuando llegue la hora = when the time comes.
    * día + estar por llegar = day + be + yet to come.
    * estar aún por llegar = be yet to come.
    * haber llegado = be upon us.
    * hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.
    * hasta donde llegue = to the limits of.
    * llegar a = come to, reach, reach out to, find + Posesivo + way to, get through to, come up to, pull into, strike + a chord with.
    * llegar a acuerdo = make + arrangements.
    * llegar a casa = get + home.
    * llegar a esperar = come to + expect.
    * llegar a final de mes = make + ends meet.
    * llegar a formar parte de = find + Posesivo + way into/onto.
    * llegar a + Infinitivo = come to + Infinitivo.
    * llegar a + Infinitivo + se = come to be + Participio Pasado.
    * llegar a la conclusión = conclude, form + impression.
    * llegar a la conclusión de que = come to + the conclusion that, come up with + the conclusion that, get + the idea that.
    * llegar al corazón de = go to + the heart of.
    * llegar al extremo de = get to + the point of, go to + the extreme of.
    * llegar al extremo de + Infinitivo = go + (as/so) far as + Infinitivo.
    * llegar al final de = come to + the end of, get through.
    * llegar al final de su vida útil = come to + the end of + Posesivo + useful life, reach + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * llegar al fondo de la cuestión = see to the + bottom of things.
    * llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the bottom of.
    * llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the root of.
    * llegar al límite = reach + the breaking point.
    * llegar al límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.
    * llegar al meollo de la cuestión = arrive at + the heart of the matter.
    * llegar al punto álgido = reach + a head.
    * llegar al punto crítico = come to + a head.
    * llegar al punto de = be at the point of.
    * llegar al punto de + Infinitivo = go + (as/so) far as + Infinitivo.
    * llegar al quid de la cuestión = arrive at + the heart of the matter.
    * llegar a + Lugar = make + it + to + Lugar.
    * llegar andando pausadamente = stroll into + view.
    * llegar a ser = become, develop into.
    * llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.
    * llegar a su fin = wind down, draw to + a close, draw to + an end.
    * llegar a tiempo = arrive + in time, arrive + on time.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a una conclusión = draw + conclusion, make + deduction, reach + conclusion, arrive at + conclusion.
    * llegar a un acuerdo = conclude + agreement, reach + agreement, make + an undertaking, make + bargain, come to + consensus, reach + understanding, have + meeting of the minds, reach + consensus, hammer out + agreement, develop + compromise, work out + agreement, strike + deal, conclude + deal.
    * llegar a una decisión = arrive at + decision.
    * llegar a una definición = hammer out + definition.
    * llegar a una etapa = reach + point.
    * llegar a una solución = arrive at + a solution.
    * llegar a una solución intermedia = meet + Nombre + halfway.
    * llegar a un compromiso = reach + agreement, meet + Nombre + halfway.
    * llegar a un consenso = come to + consensus, reach + consensus.
    * llegar a un consenso sobre = get + a consensus on.
    * llegar a un extremo = reach + epic proportions.
    * llegar a un momento importante en su historia = reach + milestone.
    * llegar a un punto crítico = reach + turning point.
    * llegar a un veredicto = reach + verdict.
    * llegar demasiado lejos = go + too far.
    * llegar el momento en el que = reach + the point where.
    * llegar la hora de = time + come.
    * llegar lejos = get + far.
    * llegar más lejos = stretch + further.
    * llegar muy lejos = go + a long way, come + a long way.
    * llegar noticias = come to + Posesivo + notice.
    * llegar poco a poco = dribble in.
    * llegar tarde = arrive + late, run + late.
    * llegar tarde (a) = be late (for).
    * llegar tarde a casa = stay out + late.
    * llegar tarde al trabajo = be late for work.
    * lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.
    * momento + llegar = time + approach.
    * no haber llegado todavía = be yet to come.
    * no llegar a = stop + short of, fall + short of.
    * no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * no llegar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.
    * no llegar a un ideal = fall + short of ideal.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * recesión + llegar = recession + set in.
    * ser un medio para llegar a un fin = be the means to an end.
    * si se llega a un acuerdo = subject to + agreement.
    * un medio para llegar a fin = a means to an end.

    * * *
    llegar [A3 ]
    vi
    A «persona/tren/carta» to arrive
    tienen que estar al llegar they'll be arriving any minute now
    ¿cuándo llegan tus primos? when are your cousins arriving?, when do your cousins arrive?
    ¿falta mucho para llegar? is it much further (to go)?
    ¿a qué hora llega el avión? what time does the plane arrive o get in?
    siempre llega tarde he's always late
    llegó (el) primero/(el) último he was the first/the last to arrive, he arrived first/last
    llegaron cansadísimos they were exhausted when they arrived
    no me llegó el telegrama I didn't get the telegram, the telegram didn't get to me o didn't reach me
    nos llega una noticia de última hora we have a late news item
    me hizo llegar un mensaje he got a message to me
    sus palabras me llegaban con mucho ruido de fondo there was a lot of background noise when I was talking to him
    llegar A (a un país, una ciudad) to arrive in; (a un edificio) to arrive at
    llegó a Bogotá en un vuelo de Avianca he arrived in Bogotá on an Avianca flight
    llegó al aeropuerto a las dos she arrived at o got to the airport at two o'clock
    el primer corredor que llegó a la meta the first runner to cross o reach the finishing line
    llegamos a casa a las dos we got o arrived home at two o'clock
    llegué a su casa de noche I got to o reached his house at night
    la carta nunca llegó a mis manos the letter never reached me
    el rumor llegó a oídos del alcalde the rumor reached the mayor
    ¿adónde quieres llegar con tantas preguntas? what are you getting at o driving at with all these questions?
    llegar DE to arrive from
    acaba de llegar de Hamburgo he's just arrived from o got(ten) ( o flown etc) in from Hamburg
    B
    1 «camino/ruta» (extenderse) llegar HASTA; to go all the way to, go as far as
    ahora la carretera llega hasta San Pedro the road goes all the way to o goes as far as San Pedro now
    2 (ir) llegar A/ HASTA:
    este autobús no llega hasta or a Las Torres this bus doesn't go as far as o all the way to Las Torres
    sólo llega al tercer piso it only goes (up) to the third floor
    C «día/invierno» to come, arrive
    el invierno llegó temprano winter came early
    cuando llegue la estación de las lluvias when the rainy season starts
    ha llegado el momento de tomar una decisión the time has come to make a decision
    pensé que nunca llegaría este momento I thought this moment would never come o arrive
    llegará el día en que se dé cuenta de su error the day will come when he'll realize his mistake
    cuando llegó la noche todavía estaban lejos when night fell o at nightfall they were still a long way away
    D
    1 (alcanzar) to reach
    no llego ni con la escalera I can't even reach with the ladder
    llegar A algo to reach sth
    tiene que subirse a una silla para llegar al estante he has to stand on a chair to reach the shelf
    las cosas han llegado a tal punto, que … things have got to o have reached such a point that …
    los pies no le llegan al suelo her feet don't touch the floor
    esa cuerda no llega al otro lado that rope won't reach to the other side
    la falda le llegaba a los tobillos her skirt came down to o reached her ankles
    su voz llegaba al fondo del teatro her voice carried to the back of the theater
    el agua le llegaba al cuello the water came up to her neck
    por ambos métodos llegamos al mismo resultado both methods lead us to the same result, we arrive at o reach the same result by both methods
    llegué a la conclusión de que me habías mentido I reached o came to the conclusion that you had been lying to me
    no se llegó a ningún acuerdo no agreement was reached
    sé algo de electrónica, pero a tanto no llego I know something about electronics but not that much o but my knowledge doesn't extend that far
    2 «dinero/materiales» (ser suficiente) to be enough
    con un kilo llega para todos a kilo's enough o a kilo will do for all of us
    no me llega el dinero I don't have enough money
    3
    (alcanzar a medir, costar, etc): este trozo de tela no llega a los dos metros this piece of material is less than two meters
    me sorprendería si llegara a tanto I'd be surprised if it came to that much o if it was as much as that
    no llegaban a 500 personas there weren't even 500 people there
    4
    (expresando logro): llegará lejos she'll go far o a long way
    como sigas así no vas a llegar a ningún lado if you carry on like this, you'll never get anywhere
    no creo que llegues a convencerme I don't think you'll manage to convince me
    quiero que llegues a ser alguien I want you to be someone o to make something of yourself
    nunca llegó a (ser) director he never became director, he never made it to director ( colloq)
    5
    (en el tiempo): este gobierno no llegará a las próximas elecciones this government won't survive till the next elections
    como sigas fumando así no llegarás a viejo if you go on smoking like that you won't live to old age
    con los años llegué a conocerlo mejor I got to know him better over the years
    ¿llegaste a verlo? did you manage o did you get to see it?
    ¿llegó a saber quién era su padre? did she ever find out who her father was?
    el invento puede llegar a ser de gran utilidad the invention could prove to be very useful
    E
    1 (como intensificador) llegar A + INF:
    llegó a amenazarme con el despido she even threatened to fire me, she went so far as to threaten to fire me
    llegué a pensar que me engañaba I even began to think he was deceiving me
    no llegó a pegarme, pero … he didn't actually hit me, but …
    llegó a aburrirme con sus constantes quejas I grew tired of o I got bored with his constant complaining
    puede incluso llegar a ganarle he might even beat him
    2
    (en oraciones condicionales): si lo llego a saber, no vengo if I'd known, I wouldn't have come
    si llego a enterarme de algo, te aviso if I happen to hear anything, I'll let you know
    si lo llegas a perder, te mato if you lose it, I'll kill you, if you go and lose it o if you manage to lose it, I'll kill you ( colloq)
    F
    «estilo/música» (ser entendido, aceptado): tiene un estilo que no llega a la gente people can't relate to o understand his style
    emplea un lenguaje que llega a la juventud he uses language that gets through to o means something to young people
    ( fam):
    llégate hasta su casa y dale este paquete run over to her house and give her this parcel ( colloq)
    llégate a la tienda y trae algo de beber run out o over to the store and get something to drink, nip o pop out to the shop and get something to drink ( BrE colloq)
    * * *

     

    llegar ( conjugate llegar) verbo intransitivo
    1 [persona/tren/carta] to arrive;
    tienen que estar por or al llegar they'll be arriving any minute now;

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? is it much further (to go)?;
    siempre llega tarde he's always late;
    no me llegó el telegrama I didn't get the telegram;
    llegar a algo ‹a país/ciudad› to arrive in sth;

    ‹ a edificio› to arrive at sth;
    ◊ llegar a casa to arrive o get home;

    el rumor llegó a oídos del alcalde the rumor reached the mayor
    2 [camino/ruta/tren] (ir) llegar a or hasta to go all the way to, go as far as;

    3 [día/invierno] to come, arrive;
    ◊ ha llegado el momento de … the time has come to …

    4

    llegar a algo ‹a acuerdo/conclusión› to reach sth, come to sth;
    ‹a estante/techo› to reach;
    ◊ llegué a la conclusión de que… I reached o came to the conclusion that …;

    los pies no le llegan al suelo her feet don't touch the floor;
    la falda le llegaba a los tobillos her skirt came down to her ankles;
    el agua le llegaba al cuello the water came up to her neck;
    las cosas llegaron a tal punto que … things reached such a point that …

    ◊ llegará lejos she'll go far o a long way;

    así no vas a llegar a ningún lado you'll never get anywhere like that;
    llegó a (ser) director he became director;
    llegar a viejo to live to old age;
    llegué a conocerlo mejor I got to know him better
    5 llegar a + inf


    no llegó a pegarme he didn't actually hit me

    ◊ si lo llego a saber, no vengo if I'd known, I wouldn't have come;

    si llego a enterarme de algo, te aviso if I happen to hear anything, I'll let you know
    llegar verbo intransitivo
    1 to arrive: llegué la última, I arrived last
    está al llegar, she's about to arrive
    llegar a la ciudad, to arrive at the town
    2 (momento, acontecimiento) llegó la hora de..., the time has come to...
    llegaron las heladas, the frosts came
    3 (alcanzar) to reach: no llego al último estante, I can't reach the top shelf
    (una meta) llegar a la cumbre, he reached the peak
    4 (ser suficiente) to be enough
    5 ( llegar a + infinitivo) to go so far as to: llegué a creerlo, I even believed it
    llegaron a insultarnos, they went so far as to abuse us
    figurado llegar a las manos, to come to blows
    llegar a ser, to become
    ♦ Locuciones: estar al llegar, to be about to arrive
    llegar a buen puerto, to reach a satisfactory conclusion o to arrive safely
    no llegar la sangre al río, to not have serious consequences
    no llegar a la suela del zapato, not to be able to hold a candle to
    ' llegar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabar
    - achantarse
    - alcanzar
    - anticiparse
    - apercibirse
    - atrasarse
    - aviar
    - caer
    - concesión
    - dialogar
    - dirigir
    - excusa
    - lejos
    - moderar
    - odisea
    - oído
    - plantarse
    - puerto
    - retrasar
    - retrasarse
    - sangre
    - santa
    - santo
    - seguir
    - sentir
    - suela
    - última
    - último
    - vadear
    - venir
    - acuerdo
    - ánimo
    - antes
    - aparecer
    - atrasar
    - bueno
    - cuánto
    - cuestión
    - culminar
    - demorar
    - erigir
    - improviso
    - indicación
    - indicar
    - instrucción
    - junto
    - lujo
    - mano
    - mayoría
    - novedad
    English:
    accessible
    - age
    - agree
    - agreement
    - amount to
    - arrive
    - bear
    - bottom
    - call
    - check in
    - close
    - come
    - come in
    - come through
    - come to
    - come up to
    - compromise
    - deal
    - decide
    - decision
    - draw in
    - end
    - fail
    - filter out
    - filter through
    - first
    - fog
    - gallop up
    - get
    - get in
    - get into
    - get up to
    - grip
    - half-way
    - head
    - home
    - hope
    - in
    - just
    - late
    - leak out I
    - make
    - master
    - only
    - place
    - power
    - pull in
    - reach
    - roll in
    - roll up
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [persona, vehículo, medio de transporte] to arrive (de from);
    llegar a un hotel/al aeropuerto to arrive at a hotel/at the airport;
    llegar a una ciudad/a un país to arrive in a city/in a country;
    llegar a casa to get home;
    llegar a la meta to cross the finishing line;
    cuando llegué a esta empresa… when I arrived at o first came to this company…;
    llegaremos a la estación de Caracas a las dos we will be arriving at Caracas station at two o'clock;
    nosotros llegamos primero o [m5] los primeros we arrived first;
    el atleta cubano llegó primero the Cuban athlete came first;
    llegaban muy contentos they were very happy when they arrived, they arrived very happy;
    llegaré pronto I'll be there early;
    este avión llega tarde this plane is late;
    estar al llegar: deben de estar al llegar they must be about to arrive, they're bound to arrive any minute now;
    los Juegos Olímpicos están al llegar the Olympics are coming up soon;
    ¿falta mucho para llegar o [m5] para que lleguemos? is there far to go?;
    así no llegarás a ninguna parte you'll never get anywhere like that;
    Fig
    llegará lejos she'll go far
    2. [carta, recado, mensaje] to arrive;
    llegarle a alguien: no me ha llegado aún el paquete the parcel still hasn't arrived, I still haven't received the parcel;
    ayer me llegó un mensaje suyo por correo electrónico I got o received an e-mail from him yesterday;
    hacer llegar un mensaje o [m5] recado a alguien to pass a message on to sb;
    si llega a oídos de ella… if she gets to hear about this…
    3. [tiempo, noche, momento] to come;
    cuando llegue el momento te enterarás you'll find out when the time comes;
    ha llegado el invierno winter has come o arrived
    4. [alcanzar]
    llegar a to reach;
    no llego al techo I can't reach the ceiling;
    el barro me llegaba a las rodillas the mud came up to my knees, I was up to my knees in mud;
    quiero una chaqueta que me llegue por debajo de la cintura I want a jacket that comes down to below my waist;
    llegar a un acuerdo to come to o reach an agreement;
    llegamos a la conclusión de que era inútil seguir we came to o reached the conclusion that it wasn't worth continuing;
    llegar hasta to reach up to;
    esta carretera sólo llega hasta Veracruz this road only goes as far as Veracruz;
    el ascensor no llega a o [m5] hasta la última planta the Br lift o US elevator doesn't go up to the top floor
    5. [ascender]
    el importe total de la reparación no llega a 5.000 pesos the total cost of the repairs is less than o below 5,000 pesos;
    los espectadores no llegaban ni siquiera a mil there weren't even as many as a thousand spectators there
    6. [ser suficiente] to be enough ( para for);
    el dinero no me llega para comprarme una casa the money isn't enough for me to buy a house
    7. [lograr]
    llegar a (ser) algo to get to be sth, to become sth;
    llegó a ser campeón de Europa he became European champion;
    llegar a hacer algo to manage to do sth;
    pesaba mucho, pero al final llegué a levantarlo it was very heavy, but I managed to lift it up in the end;
    nunca llegó a (entrar en) las listas de éxitos she never made it into the charts;
    nunca llegué a conocerlo I never actually met him;
    si llego a saberlo… [en el futuro] if I happen to find out…;
    [en el pasado] if I had known…
    8. [al extremo de]
    llegó a decirme… he went as far as to say to me…;
    hemos llegado a pagar 4.000 euros at times we've had to pay as much as 4,000 euros;
    cuesta llegar a creerlo it's very hard to believe it;
    ¡hasta aquí o [m5] ahí podíamos llegar! this is beyond a joke o absolutely outrageous!
    9. [causar impresión, interesar]
    tiene una imagen que no llega al electorado she fails to project a strong image to the electorate;
    son canciones sencillas que llegan a la gente they are simple songs that mean something to people;
    lo que dijo me llegó al alma her words really struck home
    10. [durar]
    llegar a o [m5] hasta to last until;
    este año las rebajas llegarán hasta bien entrado febrero the sales this year will last until well into February;
    está muy enferma, no creo que llegue a las Navidades she's very ill, I doubt whether she'll make it to Christmas
    11. Méx Fam
    voy a llegarle [ya me voy] I'm off home;
    ¡llégale! [no hay problema] no problem!, don't worry!
    12. Méx Fam
    llegarle a alguien [pedirle salir] to ask sb out
    * * *
    v/i
    1 arrive;
    ha llegado la primavera spring is here, spring has arrived;
    está al llegar he’ll arrive momentarily, he’s about to arrive
    2 ( alcanzar) reach;
    me llega hasta las rodillas it comes down to my knees;
    el agua me llegaba a la cintura the water came up to my waist;
    no llego a comprender por qué … I don’t understand why …;
    la comida no llegó para todos there wasn’t enough food for everyone;
    ¡hasta ahí podíamos llegar! fam that’s going too far!, that’s a bit much! fam ;
    llegar a saber find out;
    llegar a ser get to be;
    llegar a viejo live to a ripe old age;
    llegar a presidente get to be president, become president
    * * *
    llegar {52} vi
    1) : to arrive, to come
    2)
    llegar a : to arrive at, to reach, to amount to
    3)
    llegar a : to manage to
    llegó a terminar la novela: she managed to finish the novel
    4)
    llegar a ser : to become
    llegó a ser un miembro permanente: he became a permanent member
    * * *
    llegar vb
    1. (en general) to arrive / to get
    acabo de llegar I've just arrived / I've just got here
    ¿a qué hora llegaréis a Londres? what time will you arrive in London?
    cuando lleguemos a Tudela, cenaremos we'll have dinner when we get to Tudela
    2. (alcanzar) to reach
    ¿llegas? can you reach?
    3. (tiempo) to come [pt. came; pp. come]
    ¡ha llegado la primavera! spring is here!
    4. (altura) to come
    6. (ser suficiente) to be enough
    llegar a ser to become [pt. became; pp. become]

    Spanish-English dictionary > llegar

  • 3 primero

    adj.
    first, prime, foremost.
    adv.
    first, in the first place, firstly, for one thing.
    * * *
    1 first
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 first
    \
    a primeros de mes/año at the beginning of the month/year
    lo primero es lo primero first things first Table 1 NOTA Before singular masculine nouns the form primer is used /Table 1
    ————————
    * * *
    1. (f. - primera)
    adj.
    2. (f. - primera)
    noun
    3. adv.
    * * *
    primero, -a
    1. ADJ
    ( antes de sm sing primer)
    1) [en el espacio] [página, planta] first; [fila] front, first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the first o (EEUU) second floor

    una foto en primera página — a front-page photo, a photo on the front page

    • estar primero — [en una cola] to be first; [en importancia] to come first

    perdone, pero yo estaba primero — excuse me, but I was first

    plana 1), plano 2., 3)
    2) [en el tiempo] [día, semana, fase] first; [época, poemas] early; [síntoma] first, early

    • en los primeros años del siglo — in the early years of the century

    • a primera hora (de la mañana) — first thing in the morning

    • en primer lugar — [dentro de un orden] first of all; [para dar énfasis] in the first place

    en primer lugar, tú no deberías haber dicho nada — in the first place, you shouldn't have said anything

    hora 2), b), guerra 1)
    3) (=principal) [deber, objetivo] main, primary

    artículos de primera necesidad — basic essentials, staple items

    • primer actor — leading man

    • primera actriz — leading lady

    • primeros auxilios — first aid

    • de primera categoría — first-class

    un puerto de primera categoría — (Ciclismo) a first-category climb

    • primer espada — (Taur) principal bullfighter

    • primer violín — (=concertino) leader; [de sección] first violin

    bailarín, dama, mandatario, ministro, piedra
    2.
    SM / F first

    soy el primero de la lista — I'm top of the list, I'm first on the list

    quedó entre los diez primeros — he was in o among the first ten

    es la primera de la clase — she is the best in the class, she is top of the class

    bueno 1., 9), vista 1., 6), d), primera
    3. SM
    1)

    • a primeros (de mes) — at the beginning of the month

    2) (tb: primer plato) starter, first course

    ¿qué van a tomar de primero? — what will you have as a starter o for the first course?

    4. ADV
    1) (=en primer lugar) first

    primero iremos a comprar y luego al cine — first, we'll do the shopping and then go to the cinema

    2) [indicando preferencia] sooner, rather

    primero se queda en casa que pedir dinero — she'd sooner o rather stay at home than ask for money

    ¡primero morir! — I'd rather die!

    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo/pronombre [ primer is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1) (en el espacio, el tiempo) first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

    en primer lugar... — first (of all),..., firstly,...

    sus primeros poemas — her early o first poems

    1o de julio — (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first)

    Olaf I — (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)

    2) (en calidad, jerarquía)

    de primera categoría — first-class, first-rate

    de primera — first-class, first-rate

    3) (básico, fundamental)

    lo primero es... — the most important thing is...

    II
    1) ( en el tiempo) first
    * * *
    = early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], first (1st), foremost, first ever, topmost [top most], top-of-mind.
    Ex. Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.
    Ex. The first objective, however, is best satisfied by the second policy.
    Ex. Foremost among those recommendations was one pertaining to the development of a UNIMARC format for authorities.
    Ex. In April 1993 the first ever computer crime legislation came into existence in Hong Kong.
    Ex. Thus each heap was delivered to the warehouseman with the final impressions of both formes on the topmost sheet.
    Ex. Computer security is a top-of-mind subject for both IT managers and their corporate bosses.
    ----
    * alumno de primer año = first grader.
    * alumno de primer curso = first grader.
    * alumno de primero = first grader.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * asiento de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * atacar primero = preemptive strike.
    * botiquín de primeros auxilios = first-aid kit.
    * butaca de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * cabo primero = lance corporal.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * como primera elección = as a first preference.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * correo de primera clase = first class post.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de primera = best-quality, top-notch, blue chip [blue-chip], prime, tip-top, first-rate.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primera clase = first class, first-rate, tip-top.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * de primera magnitud = fully blown.
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de primera persona = first-person.
    * de primeras = at first sight, on the face of it, at first glance, first-blush, up-front [up front].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * de primer orden = first-order [1st-order], world-class, blue chip [blue-chip].
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * desventaja del primero que hace Algo = first-mover disadvantage, first-mover advantage.
    * dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.
    * durante los primeros años = during the early years.
    * el primer intento = the first time around.
    * el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.
    * el primero mencionado = former.
    * encargado de prestar los primeros auxilios = first aider.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en los primeros años de = early in.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en primera instancia = in the first instance.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * escuela de primer ciclo de secundaria = intermediate school.
    * estar entre los primeros = stay on top.
    * estudiante de primer año = freshman [freshmen, -pl.], first-year student.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * ir primero = lead + the way.
    * la primera tentativa = the first time around.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * lo primero = for one, first off.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * Posesivo + primeros pinitos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * primera cita = first date.
    * primera comunión = first communion.
    * primera división = premiership.
    * Primera División, la = First Division, the.
    * Primera Edición de las Reglas de Catalogación Anglo-Americanas (RCAA1) = AACR1 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1st Edition).
    * Primera Enmienda, la = First Amendment, the.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * primera escena, la = opening scene, the.
    * primera etapa = early days.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * primera impresión = first impression.
    * primera infancia = babyhood, early childhood.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], front-line, forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * primera manga = first leg, away game.
    * primera medida = initial step.
    * primer antepasado = primogenitor.
    * primer año de carrera = freshman year.
    * primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.
    * primera palabra del encabezamiento = entry word.
    * primera parada = first stop.
    * primera persona = first person.
    * primera plana = front page [front-page].
    * primera posición = pole position, pole start.
    * primera posición de salida = pole start.
    * primera prensada = first cold press.
    * primera referencia = first stop.
    * primera reunión = starter meeting.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * primeras palabras = opening statement.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * primer aviso = smoke signal.
    * primer curso = first grade.
    * primer escalafón laboral = entry position.
    * primer heredero = heir apparent [heiress apparent].
    * primer indicio = smoke signal.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * primer meridiano = prime meridian.
    * primer ministro = Premier, prime minister.
    * primer molar = six-year molar.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * primero en hacer Algo = first mover.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primero, lo = first thing, the.
    * primero que nada = first off.
    * primeros auxilios = first-aid.
    * primeros impresos = early imprints.
    * primero y principal = first and foremost.
    * primer paso = stake in the ground.
    * primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.
    * primer plano = close up, foreground, limelight, centre stage, forefront.
    * primer plato = side entrée.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * primer punto de contacto = port of first call.
    * primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.
    * primer recurso = first recourse.
    * primer y segundo plato = main dish.
    * proceso en primera instancia = proceeding in the first instance.
    * provisiones de primera necesidad = basic provisions, basic goods.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * sala de primeros auxilios = emergency room.
    * sargento primero = lance sergeant.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-ranked, top-rated.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la maña = an early morning + Nombre.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * visión de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside view.
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo/pronombre [ primer is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1) (en el espacio, el tiempo) first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

    en primer lugar... — first (of all),..., firstly,...

    sus primeros poemas — her early o first poems

    1o de julio — (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first)

    Olaf I — (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)

    2) (en calidad, jerarquía)

    de primera categoría — first-class, first-rate

    de primera — first-class, first-rate

    3) (básico, fundamental)

    lo primero es... — the most important thing is...

    II
    1) ( en el tiempo) first
    * * *
    = early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], first (1st), foremost, first ever, topmost [top most], top-of-mind.

    Ex: Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.

    Ex: The first objective, however, is best satisfied by the second policy.
    Ex: Foremost among those recommendations was one pertaining to the development of a UNIMARC format for authorities.
    Ex: In April 1993 the first ever computer crime legislation came into existence in Hong Kong.
    Ex: Thus each heap was delivered to the warehouseman with the final impressions of both formes on the topmost sheet.
    Ex: Computer security is a top-of-mind subject for both IT managers and their corporate bosses.
    * alumno de primer año = first grader.
    * alumno de primer curso = first grader.
    * alumno de primero = first grader.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * asiento de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * atacar primero = preemptive strike.
    * botiquín de primeros auxilios = first-aid kit.
    * butaca de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * cabo primero = lance corporal.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * como primera elección = as a first preference.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * correo de primera clase = first class post.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de primera = best-quality, top-notch, blue chip [blue-chip], prime, tip-top, first-rate.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primera clase = first class, first-rate, tip-top.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * de primera magnitud = fully blown.
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de primera persona = first-person.
    * de primeras = at first sight, on the face of it, at first glance, first-blush, up-front [up front].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * de primer orden = first-order [1st-order], world-class, blue chip [blue-chip].
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * desventaja del primero que hace Algo = first-mover disadvantage, first-mover advantage.
    * dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.
    * durante los primeros años = during the early years.
    * el primer intento = the first time around.
    * el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.
    * el primero mencionado = former.
    * encargado de prestar los primeros auxilios = first aider.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en los primeros años de = early in.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en primera instancia = in the first instance.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * escuela de primer ciclo de secundaria = intermediate school.
    * estar entre los primeros = stay on top.
    * estudiante de primer año = freshman [freshmen, -pl.], first-year student.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * ir primero = lead + the way.
    * la primera tentativa = the first time around.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * lo primero = for one, first off.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * Posesivo + primeros pinitos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * primera cita = first date.
    * primera comunión = first communion.
    * primera división = premiership.
    * Primera División, la = First Division, the.
    * Primera Edición de las Reglas de Catalogación Anglo-Americanas (RCAA1) = AACR1 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1st Edition).
    * Primera Enmienda, la = First Amendment, the.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * primera escena, la = opening scene, the.
    * primera etapa = early days.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * primera impresión = first impression.
    * primera infancia = babyhood, early childhood.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], front-line, forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * primera manga = first leg, away game.
    * primera medida = initial step.
    * primer antepasado = primogenitor.
    * primer año de carrera = freshman year.
    * primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.
    * primera palabra del encabezamiento = entry word.
    * primera parada = first stop.
    * primera persona = first person.
    * primera plana = front page [front-page].
    * primera posición = pole position, pole start.
    * primera posición de salida = pole start.
    * primera prensada = first cold press.
    * primera referencia = first stop.
    * primera reunión = starter meeting.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * primeras palabras = opening statement.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * primer aviso = smoke signal.
    * primer curso = first grade.
    * primer escalafón laboral = entry position.
    * primer heredero = heir apparent [heiress apparent].
    * primer indicio = smoke signal.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * primer meridiano = prime meridian.
    * primer ministro = Premier, prime minister.
    * primer molar = six-year molar.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * primero en hacer Algo = first mover.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primero, lo = first thing, the.
    * primero que nada = first off.
    * primeros auxilios = first-aid.
    * primeros impresos = early imprints.
    * primero y principal = first and foremost.
    * primer paso = stake in the ground.
    * primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.
    * primer plano = close up, foreground, limelight, centre stage, forefront.
    * primer plato = side entrée.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * primer punto de contacto = port of first call.
    * primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.
    * primer recurso = first recourse.
    * primer y segundo plato = main dish.
    * proceso en primera instancia = proceeding in the first instance.
    * provisiones de primera necesidad = basic provisions, basic goods.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * sala de primeros auxilios = emergency room.
    * sargento primero = lance sergeant.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-ranked, top-rated.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la maña = an early morning + Nombre.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * visión de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside view.

    * * *
    primero1 -ra
    adjective / pronoun
    A [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (en el espacio, el tiempo) first
    vivo en el primer piso I live on the second ( AmE) o ( BrE) first floor
    en primer lugar vamos a analizar … first (of all) o firstly, we are going to analyze …
    las diez primeras páginas the first ten pages
    sus primeros poemas her early o first poems
    1º de julio/octubre (read as: primero de julio/octubre) 1st July/October, July/October 1st
    Olaf Iº (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)
    estaba sentado en (la) primera fila he was sitting in the front row
    en las primeras horas de la madrugada de ayer in the early hours of yesterday morning
    mañana a primera hora first thing tomorrow
    soy el primero en reconocerlo I am the first to admit it
    Compuestos:
    ( Relig) feminine first communion
    hacer la primeroa comunión to take one's first communion
    feminine elementary o ( BrE) primary education
    maestro de primeroa enseñanza elementary o primary school teacher
    feminine early childhood
    feminine foundation stone
    feminine front page
    salió en primeroa plana en todos los periódicos it made front-page news o the headlines in all the newspapers, it was on the front page of all the newspapers
    masculine New Year's Day
    mpl first aid
    ( Fot) masculine close-up, close-up shot
    en primer plano ( Art) in the foreground
    masculine first course, starter
    B
    (en calidad, jerarquía): un artículo de primerísima calidad a top-quality product, a product of the very finest o highest quality
    de primera categoría first-class, first-rate
    es el primero de la clase he is top of the class
    es el primer atleta del país he is the country's top athlete
    la primera empresa mundial en el campo de la electrónica the world's leading electronics company
    de primera ‹comida/cantante› first-class, first-rate
    sólo vendemos productos de primera we sell only products of the finest o highest quality
    un corte de carne de primera a prime cut of meat
    Compuestos:
    ● primer actor, primera actriz
    ( masculine) leading man; ( feminine) leading lady
    feminine First Lady
    ● primer bailarín, primera bailarina
    ( masculine) leading dancer; ( feminine) prima ballerina
    ( Taur) masculine principal bullfighter
    ● primer magistrado, primera magistrada
    masculine, feminine mandatario m,f A. (↑ mandatario)
    ● primer mandatario, primera mandataria
    ( period) masculine, feminine head of state
    la entrevista entre ambos primeros mandatarios the meeting between the two heads of state
    el primer mandatario estadounidense the president of the United States
    ● primer ministro, primera ministra
    masculine, feminine Prime Minister
    masculine and feminine First Secretary
    masculine and feminine concertmaster ( AmE), leader (of the orchestra)
    los primeros violines the first violins
    C
    (básico, fundamental): nuestro primer objetivo es … our primary objective is …
    lo primero es asegurarnos de que no corren peligro the essential o most important thing is to make sure they are not in any danger
    ¿por qué no haces primero los deberes? why don't you do your homework first?
    B
    (en importancia): estar primero to come first
    para mí primero está mi familia as far as I'm concerned my family comes first
    C
    (para expresar preferencia): primero se queda sin comer que pedirle dinero she would sooner o rather go hungry than ask him for money
    * * *

     

    primero
    ◊ -ra adjetivo/pronombre primer is used before masculine singular nouns

    1 (en el espacio, el tiempo) first;
    ◊ el primer piso the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor;

    en primer lugar … first (of all), …, firstly, …;
    1o de julio (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first);
    Olaf I (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First);
    a primeras horas de la madrugada in the early hours of the morning;
    primera plana front page;
    primeros auxilios sustantivo masculino plural
    first aid;
    primer plano (Fot) close-up (shot)
    2 (en calidad, jerarquía):

    de primera (categoría) first-class, first-rate;
    es el primero de la clase he is top of the class;
    primer ministro Prime Minister
    3 (básico, fundamental):

    artículos de primera necesidad basic necessities;
    lo primero es … the most important thing is …
    ■ adverbio
    1 ( en el tiempo) first
    2 ( en importancia):

    primero,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (en el espacio, en el tiempo) first
    primera fila, front row
    en los primeros años, in the early years
    2 (en calidad, en categoría) first: es el primer actor de la compañía, he's the company's top actor
    3 (en importancia) basic, primary
    un artículo de primera necesidad, an essential item
    II adverbio (orden) first: primero, iremos al supermercado, first, we'll go to the supermarket
    ♦ Locuciones: a primeros, at the beginning of
    a la primera de cambio, as soon as one has the opportunity, given half a chance: no está a gusto en la empresa, así que se irá a la primera de cambio, he's not happy at his company, so he plans to leave as soon as he has the chance
    de buenas a primeras, suddenly, unexpectedly
    lo primero es lo primero, first things first
    ' primero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ir
    - más
    - originaria
    - originario
    - primer
    - primera
    - residir
    - sucesión
    - trigésima
    - trigésimo
    - ante
    - estudio
    - luego
    - mayo
    - ocurrir
    - vigésimo
    English:
    after
    - born
    - come
    - first
    - former
    - go before
    - initial
    - intro
    - leader
    - LIFO
    - original
    - premier
    - prime
    - raise
    - stationary
    - to
    - year
    - consult
    - head
    - lieutenant
    - May
    - payable
    - pioneer
    - put
    - space
    - start
    - the
    * * *
    primero, -a Primer is used instead of primero before singular masculine nouns (e.g. el primer hombre the first man).
    ♦ núm adj
    1. [en orden] first;
    el primer capítulo, el capítulo primero chapter one;
    los primeros diez párrafos, los diez párrafos primeros the first ten paragraphs;
    Carlos primero [escrito Carlos I] Charles the First [written Charles I];
    el siglo primero [también escrito el siglo I] the first century [written 1st century];
    el primer piso the Br first o US second floor;
    a primera hora de la mañana first thing in the morning;
    en primera fila in the front row;
    en primer lugar, abre la caja first (of all), open the box;
    en primera página on the front page
    primeros auxilios first aid; Dep la primera base [posición] first base; Dep primera base [jugador] first base;
    primera comunión first communion;
    hacer la primera comunión to celebrate one's first communion;
    primera división first division;
    Dep primer equipo first team; Mil primera línea front line;
    estar en primera línea [de batalla] to be on the front line;
    [entre los mejores] to be amongst the best;
    primer plano close-up;
    en primer plano in the foreground;
    primer plato first course, starter
    2. [en importancia, calidad] main;
    la primera empresa del sector the leading company in the sector;
    el primer tenista del país the country's top tennis player;
    uno de los primeros objetivos del gobierno one of the government's main aims;
    el primer actor the leading man;
    la primera actriz the leading lady;
    productos de primera calidad top-quality products;
    deportistas de primera clase o [m5] categoría o [m5] fila top-class sportsmen;
    productos de primera necesidad basic necessities;
    lo primero the most important o main thing;
    lo primero es lo primero first things first
    primer bailarín leading dancer;
    primera bailarina prima ballerina;
    primera dama Teatro leading lady;
    Pol [esposa del presidente] first lady; Taurom primer espada principal bullfighter;
    primer ministro prime minister;
    RP primera magistratura presidency;
    primer violín first violin
    ♦ núm nm,f
    1. [en orden]
    el primero the first one;
    el primero fue bueno the first one was good;
    llegó el primero he came first;
    el primero de la cola the person at the front of the Br queue o US line;
    ¿quién es el primero de la cola? who's first?;
    es el primero de la clase he's top of the class;
    él fue el primero en venir he was the first (person o one) to come;
    no eres el primero que me pregunta eso you're not the first person to ask me that
    2. [mencionado antes]
    vinieron Pedro y Juan, el primero con… Pedro and Juan arrived, the former with…
    ♦ adv
    1. [en primer lugar] first;
    primero déjame que te explique una cosa let me explain something to you first;
    usted estaba primero you were in front of me o first;
    ¿quién va o [m5] está primero? who's first?;
    Am
    primero que nada first of all
    2. [indica preferencia]
    primero… que… rather… than…;
    primero morir que traicionarle I'd rather die than betray him
    ♦ nm
    1. [piso] Br first floor, US second floor
    2. [curso universitario] first year;
    estoy en primero I'm a first year
    3. [curso escolar] = first year of primary school, US ≈ first grade
    4. [día del mes]
    el primero de mayo [también escrito el 1 de mayo] the first of May [written 1 May]
    5. [en frases]
    a primeros de mes/año at the beginning of the month/year;
    a primeros de junio at the beginning of June, in early June;
    de primero [de primer plato] for starters
    * * *
    I adj first
    II m, primera f first (one);
    a primeros de enero at the beginning of January;
    el primero de mayo the first of May;
    ser el primero de la clase be top of the class
    III pron
    :
    lo primero (lo más importante) the most important thing
    IV adv
    1 en posición first
    2 ( primeramente) first of all
    * * *
    primero adv
    1) : first
    2) : rather, sooner
    1) : first
    2) : top, leading
    3) : fundamental, basic
    4)
    de primera : first-rate
    primero, -ra n
    : first
    * * *
    primero1 adj pron
    1. (en orden) first
    a primeros de... at the beginning of...
    primero2 adv first

    Spanish-English dictionary > primero

  • 4 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 5 ser

    m.
    1 being (ente).
    ser humano human being
    los seres vivos living things
    2 ens.
    v.
    1 to be (to be in some place or situation, to originate in, to belong to, to pertain, to exist really).
    fue aquí it was here
    lo importante es decidirse the important thing is to reach a decision
    ¿de dónde eres? where are you from?
    los juguetes son de mi hijo the toys are my son's
    es alto/gracioso he is tall/funny
    es azul/difícil it's blue/difficult
    es un amigo/el dueño he is a friend/the owner
    Yo soy buena I am good.
    2 to be (to be worth, quantity).
    ¿cuánto es? how much is it?
    son 300 pesos that'll be 300 pesos
    ¿qué (día) es hoy? what day is it today?, what's today?
    mañana será 15 de julio tomorrow (it) will be 15 July
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?, what's the time?
    son las tres (de la tarde) it's three o'clock (in the afternoon), it's three (pm)
    3 to be (joined to nouns which signify employment or occupation).
    soy abogado/actriz I'm a lawyer/an actress
    son estudiantes they're students
    4 to be (to happen, to occur, to fall out).
    es muy tarde it's rather late
    era de noche/de día it was night/day
    5 to be (auxiliary verb, by which the passive is formed).
    fue visto por un testigo he was seen by a witness
    6 to exist, to live.
    7 to be for.
    Me es muy fácil aprender español It is very easy for me to learn Spanish.
    * * *
    Present Indicative
    soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son.
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Past Indicative
    Future Indicative
    seré, serás, será, seremos, seréis, serán.
    Conditional
    sería, serías, sería, seríamos, seríais, serían.
    Present Subjunctive
    sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean.
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    sé (tú), sea (él/Vd.), seamos (nos.), sed (vos.), sean (ellos/Vds.).
    Past Participle
    \
    \
    ————————
    * * *
    1. verb 2. noun m.
    * * *
    SF ABR Esp
    = Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión radio network
    * * *
    I 1.
    [ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1]

    es inglés/rubio/católico — he's English/fair/(a) Catholic

    era cierto/posible — it was true/possible

    sé bueno, estáte quieto — be a good boy and keep still

    que seas muy feliz — I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc)

    para serte sincero — to be honest with you, to tell you the truth

    siempre le he sido fiel — I've always been faithful to her; ver tb verbo intransitivo I 5

    ¿éste es o se hace?/¿tú eres o te haces? — (AmL fam) is he/are you stupid or something? (colloq)

    el mayor es casado/divorciado — the oldest is married/divorced

    es viuda — she's a widow; ver tb estar I 3)

    3) (seguido de nombre, pronombre, sintagma nominal) to be

    soy peluquera/abogada — I'm a hairdresser/a lawyer

    ábreme, soy Mariano/yo — open the door, it's Mariano/it's me

    por ser usted, haremos una excepción — for you o since it's you, we'll make an exception

    4) (con predicado introducido por `de')

    es de los vecinos — it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'

    ésa es de las que... — she's one of those people who..., she's the sort of person who...

    ser de lo que no hay — (fam) to be incredible (colloq)

    5) (hipótesis, futuro)

    ¿será cierto? — can it be true?

    2.
    ser vi
    1)
    a) ( existir) to be
    b) (liter) ( en cuentos)

    érase una vez... — once upon a time there was...

    2)
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir)

    ¿dónde fue el accidente? — where did the accident happen?

    el asunto fue así... — it happened like this...

    ser de algo/alguien: ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him; ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? — what will become of us?

    3) ( sumar)

    ¿cuánto es (todo)? — how much is that (altogether)?

    son 3.000 pesos — that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos

    4) (causar, significar) to be
    5) ( resultar)
    6) ( consistir en) to be

    lo importante es participar — the important o main thing is to take part

    7) (indicando finalidad, adecuación)

    fue aquí donde lo vi — this is where I saw him, it was here that I saw him

    fui yo quien or la que lo dije fui yo quien or la que lo dijo — I was the one who said it, it was me that said it

    9)

    es que...: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; díselo, si es que te atreves — tell him, if you dare

    10)

    lo que es... — (fam)

    lo que es yo, no pienso hablarle más — I certainly have no intention of speaking to him again

    lo que es saber idiomas! — it sure is something to be able to speak languages! (AmE), what it is to be able to speak languages! (BrE)

    a no ser que — (+ subj) unless

    como debe ser: ¿ves como me acordé? - como debe ser! see, I did remember- I should think so too!; los presentó uno por uno, como debe ser she introduced them one by one, as you should; ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; como ser (CS) such as; de no ser así (frml) should this not be the case (frml); de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); de no ser por...: de no ser por él,... if it hadn't been o if it weren't for him,...; eso es! that's it!, that's right!; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; tú pagas tus mil pesos o lo que sea... you pay your thousand pesos or whatever...; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes o anything; no sea que or no vaya a ser que (+ subj) in case; cierra la ventana, no sea or no vaya a ser que llueva close the window in case it rains; ten cuidado, no sea or no vaya a ser que lo eches todo a perder be careful or you'll ruin everything; o sea: los empleados de más antigüedad, o sea los que llevan aquí más de... longer serving employees, that is to say those who have been here more than...; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea..., (ya) sea... either..., or...; (ya) sea por caridad, (ya) sea por otra razón,... whether he did it out of charity or for some other reason,...; sea como sea: hay que impedirlo, sea como sea it must be prevented now matter how o at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea quien sea le dices que no estoy whoever it is, tell them I'm not in; si no fuera/hubiera sido por... — if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for...

    12) ( en el tiempo) to be

    ¿qué fecha es hoy? — what's the date today?, what's today's date

    ¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó — it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb verbo impersonal

    3.
    ser v impers to be
    4.

    ser + pp — to be + pp

    II
    1)
    a) ( ente) being
    b) (individuo, persona)
    2)
    b) ( carácter esencial) essence
    3) (Fil) being
    * * *
    I 1.
    [ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1]

    es inglés/rubio/católico — he's English/fair/(a) Catholic

    era cierto/posible — it was true/possible

    sé bueno, estáte quieto — be a good boy and keep still

    que seas muy feliz — I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc)

    para serte sincero — to be honest with you, to tell you the truth

    siempre le he sido fiel — I've always been faithful to her; ver tb verbo intransitivo I 5

    ¿éste es o se hace?/¿tú eres o te haces? — (AmL fam) is he/are you stupid or something? (colloq)

    el mayor es casado/divorciado — the oldest is married/divorced

    es viuda — she's a widow; ver tb estar I 3)

    3) (seguido de nombre, pronombre, sintagma nominal) to be

    soy peluquera/abogada — I'm a hairdresser/a lawyer

    ábreme, soy Mariano/yo — open the door, it's Mariano/it's me

    por ser usted, haremos una excepción — for you o since it's you, we'll make an exception

    4) (con predicado introducido por `de')

    es de los vecinos — it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'

    ésa es de las que... — she's one of those people who..., she's the sort of person who...

    ser de lo que no hay — (fam) to be incredible (colloq)

    5) (hipótesis, futuro)

    ¿será cierto? — can it be true?

    2.
    ser vi
    1)
    a) ( existir) to be
    b) (liter) ( en cuentos)

    érase una vez... — once upon a time there was...

    2)
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir)

    ¿dónde fue el accidente? — where did the accident happen?

    el asunto fue así... — it happened like this...

    ser de algo/alguien: ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him; ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? — what will become of us?

    3) ( sumar)

    ¿cuánto es (todo)? — how much is that (altogether)?

    son 3.000 pesos — that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos

    4) (causar, significar) to be
    5) ( resultar)
    6) ( consistir en) to be

    lo importante es participar — the important o main thing is to take part

    7) (indicando finalidad, adecuación)

    fue aquí donde lo vi — this is where I saw him, it was here that I saw him

    fui yo quien or la que lo dije fui yo quien or la que lo dijo — I was the one who said it, it was me that said it

    9)

    es que...: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; díselo, si es que te atreves — tell him, if you dare

    10)

    lo que es... — (fam)

    lo que es yo, no pienso hablarle más — I certainly have no intention of speaking to him again

    lo que es saber idiomas! — it sure is something to be able to speak languages! (AmE), what it is to be able to speak languages! (BrE)

    a no ser que — (+ subj) unless

    como debe ser: ¿ves como me acordé? - como debe ser! see, I did remember- I should think so too!; los presentó uno por uno, como debe ser she introduced them one by one, as you should; ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; como ser (CS) such as; de no ser así (frml) should this not be the case (frml); de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); de no ser por...: de no ser por él,... if it hadn't been o if it weren't for him,...; eso es! that's it!, that's right!; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; tú pagas tus mil pesos o lo que sea... you pay your thousand pesos or whatever...; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes o anything; no sea que or no vaya a ser que (+ subj) in case; cierra la ventana, no sea or no vaya a ser que llueva close the window in case it rains; ten cuidado, no sea or no vaya a ser que lo eches todo a perder be careful or you'll ruin everything; o sea: los empleados de más antigüedad, o sea los que llevan aquí más de... longer serving employees, that is to say those who have been here more than...; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea..., (ya) sea... either..., or...; (ya) sea por caridad, (ya) sea por otra razón,... whether he did it out of charity or for some other reason,...; sea como sea: hay que impedirlo, sea como sea it must be prevented now matter how o at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea quien sea le dices que no estoy whoever it is, tell them I'm not in; si no fuera/hubiera sido por... — if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for...

    12) ( en el tiempo) to be

    ¿qué fecha es hoy? — what's the date today?, what's today's date

    ¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó — it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb verbo impersonal

    3.
    ser v impers to be
    4.

    ser + pp — to be + pp

    II
    1)
    a) ( ente) being
    b) (individuo, persona)
    2)
    b) ( carácter esencial) essence
    3) (Fil) being
    * * *
    ser1
    1 = being, creature.

    Ex: A feeling of unshielded relief filled Pope's whole being.

    Ex: Stories that lead to doing things are all the more attractive to children, who are active rather than passive creatures.
    * abducción por seres extraterrestres = alien abduction.
    * alimentación del ser humano = human nutrition.
    * llegada de seres extraterrestres = alien visitation.
    * nutrición del ser humano = human nutrition.
    * ser consecuente con Uno mismo = be true to + Reflexivo.
    * ser extraterrestre = alien creature.
    * ser fiel con Uno mismo = be true to + Reflexivo.
    * ser humano = human being, human, human person.
    * ser inteligente = intelligent being.
    * ser pensante = sentient being.
    * ser superior = supreme being, higher being, superior being.
    * ser supremo = supreme being.
    * ser todo un éxito = hit + a home run, knock it out of + the park.
    * ser vivo = living being, sentient being.
    * todo ser humano = every living soul.
    * tráfico de seres humanos = trafficking in human beings.
    * trata de seres humanos = trafficking in human beings.

    ser2
    2 = be, take + the form of, stand as.

    Ex: Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.

    Ex: Hierarchical relationships may also take the form of co-ordinate relationships, in which case they may be represented by 'RT' or related term, in a similar manner to affinitive relationships below.
    Ex: Meantime, our new library stand as as a confident symbol of the importance of ALL librarires to the nation's cultural, educational and economic success.
    * anhelar ser = ache to be.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * así es = that's how it is.
    * así sea = amen.
    * así son las cosas = that's they way things are.
    * centrado en el ser humano = anthropocentric.
    * clonación del ser humano = human cloning.
    * como es el caso de = as it is with.
    * cómo + ser = what + be like.
    * conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight.
    * continuar siendo importante = remain + big.
    * crearse el prestigio de ser = establish + a record as.
    * cualquiera que fuere = any... whatsoever.
    * cualquiera que fuese = any... whatsoever.
    * cualquiera que sea + Nombre = whichever + Nombre.
    * debilidad del ser humano = mankind's frailty.
    * dejar de ser útil = outlive + Posesivo + usefulness.
    * demostrar ser = prove + to be.
    * de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.
    * dicho sea de paso = by the by(e).
    * dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres = you are known by the company you keep.
    * dinero + ser para = money + go towards.
    * el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.
    * el ser barato = cheapness.
    * el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * entrar sin ser visto = sneak into.
    * es = it's [it is].
    * esa es la cuestión = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * esa es la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * es decir = i.e. (latín - id est), in other words, that is, that is to say, which is to say.
    * es de deducir que = it follows that.
    * es de destacar que = significantly.
    * es de esperar = hopefully.
    * es de esperar que = all being well.
    * es de resaltar que = significantly.
    * es de suponer que = presumably.
    * ese es el asunto = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * ese es el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * es el momento adecuado = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es el momento oportuno = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es evidente = clearly.
    * es importante destacar = importantly.
    * es inevitable que = inevitably.
    * es interesante que = interestingly.
    * es lo que a mí me parece = my two cents' worth.
    * es lo que yo pienso = my two cents' worth.
    * es más = more important, moreover.
    * es más fácil decirlo que hacerlo = easier said than done.
    * es mi opinión = my two cents' worth.
    * es mi parecer = my two cents' worth.
    * es por lo tanto deducible que = it therefore follows that.
    * es por lo tanto de esperar que = it therefore follows that.
    * es por lo tanto lógico que = it therefore follows that.
    * ¡esta es tu oportunidad! = here's your chance!.
    * estar siendo + Participio = be in process of + Nombre.
    * evitar ser afectado = escape + unaffected.
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * haber sido aceptado = be here to stay, have come + to stay.
    * haber sido comprobado exhaustivamente = be thoroughly tested.
    * la razón de ser = the reason for being.
    * la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.
    * llegar a ser = become, develop into.
    * llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.
    * lo que es aun peor = worse still.
    * lo que es peor = what's worse.
    * lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.
    * lo que + ser = what + be like.
    * lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.
    * merecer ser mencionado = deserve + mention.
    * no ser aconsejable = be undesirable.
    * no ser + Adjetivo + Infinitivo = be less than + Adjetivo + Infinitivo.
    * no ser así ya = be no longer the case.
    * no ser bien visto = be in the doghouse.
    * no ser cobarde = be no chicken.
    * no ser consciente de = remain + unaware of.
    * no ser deseable = be undesirable.
    * no + ser + de sorprender que = it + be + not surprising that.
    * no ser fácil = be no picnic, not be easy.
    * no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.
    * no ser lo suficientemente bueno = not be good enough.
    * no ser más que = be nothing more than, be nothing but.
    * no ser nada = add up to + nothing.
    * no ser nada fácil = be hard-pushed to.
    * no ser ningún jovencito = be no chicken.
    * no ser ni una cosa ni otra = fall between + two stools.
    * no ser sino = be nothing but.
    * no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.
    * no ser un lecho de rosas = be not all roses.
    * no ser verdad = be untrue.
    * no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.
    * no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * para ser franco = in all honesty.
    * para ser sincero = to be honest, in all honesty.
    * pasar a ser = become, develop into.
    * por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.
    * por si fuera poco = to boot, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * posible de ser consultado por máquina = machine-viewable.
    * posible de ser visto en pantalla = displayable.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * puede muy bien ser = could well be.
    * puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.
    * que fue = one-time.
    * que fue común antes = once-common.
    * que ha sido abordado con preguntas = accost.
    * que puede ser apilado = stacking.
    * razón de ser = point, raison d'etre, rationale, sense of purpose.
    * ser reconocido = gain + recognition.
    * resultar ser = prove + to be, turn out to be, happen + to be.
    * sea como sea = be that as it may, at all costs, at any cost, at any price, come hell or high water.
    * sea cual fuere = any... whatsoever, any... whatsoever.
    * sea cual fuese = any... whatsoever, any... whatsoever.
    * sea cual sea el criterio utilizado = by any standard(s).
    * sea lo que sea = whatever it is, be that as it may, call it what you want.
    * seamos realistas = face it, let's face it.
    * sean cuales sean = whatever they may be.
    * sentido del ser humano = human sense.
    * ser accesible a través de = be available through.
    * ser aceptado = take + hold, gain + acceptance, take off.
    * ser acertado = be spot on.
    * ser aconsejable = be welcome, be better served by, be in order.
    * ser acorde con = be commensurate with.
    * ser acuciante = be acute.
    * ser acusado de delito criminal = face + criminal charge.
    * ser adecuado = be right, stand up, fit + the bill.
    * ser + Adjetivo = get + Adjetivo.
    * ser + Adjetivo + para = have + a + Adjetivo + effect on.
    * ser afectado por = have + a high stake in.
    * ser aficionado a = be fond of.
    * ser afortunado = be lucky, strike + lucky.
    * ser agradable de oír = be good to hear.
    * ser agradable + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.
    * ser algo bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.
    * ser algo bueno = be a good thing.
    * ser algo completamente distinto = be nothing of the sort.
    * ser algo común = be a fact of life, dominate + the scene, be a common occurrence, become + a common feature, be a part of life.
    * ser Algo demasiado difícil para = be in over + Posesivo + head, be out of + Posesivo + depth.
    * ser algo excepcional = be the exception rather than the rule, be in a league of its own.
    * ser algo fácil = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a picnic, be duck soup.
    * ser algo facilísimo = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a picnic, be duck soup.
    * ser algo habitual = become + a common feature, be a fact of life.
    * ser Algo imponente = loom + large.
    * ser algo inevitable = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * ser algo más profundo que = go + deeper than.
    * ser algo más serio que = go + deeper than.
    * ser algo (muy) bien sabido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.
    * ser algo muy claro = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy fácil de conseguir = be there for the taking.
    * ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.
    * ser algo muy obvio = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy raro = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy revelador = be a giveaway.
    * ser algo natural para = be second nature to + Pronombre, come + naturally to.
    * ser algo normal = be a fact of life, become + a common feature, be a part of life.
    * ser algo permanente = be here to stay.
    * ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.
    * ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser algo por lo que = be a matter for/of.
    * ser algo por ver = be an open question.
    * ser algo que no ocurre con frecuencia = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo seguro = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a picnic, be duck soup.
    * ser algo útil para = be something in the hand for.
    * ser amado = loved-one.
    * ser amigo de = be buddies with.
    * ser analizado como una frase = be phrase parsed.
    * ser apreciado = receive + appreciation.
    * ser apropiado = be right.
    * ser aproximadamente + Número = be around + Número, be about + Número.
    * ser arrestado = be under arrest.
    * ser asequible = be available, become + available.
    * ser asequible a = be amenable to.
    * ser así = be the case (with), be just like that.
    * ser atacado = be under attack, come under + fire, be under assault.
    * ser atractivo = look + attractive, be popular in appeal.
    * ser atrevido = make + a bold statement.
    * ser atribuible a = be attributable to.
    * ser aun más = be all the more.
    * ser autosuficiente = stand on + Posesivo + own, self-serve.
    * ser autosuficiente económicamente = pay + Posesivo + own way.
    * ser avaricioso = have + Posesivo + cake and eat it.
    * ser bienvenido = be most welcome, make + welcome, be welcome.
    * ser bonito + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.
    * ser buenísimo + Gerundio = be terrific at + Gerundio.
    * ser bueno = make + good + Nombre.
    * ser bueno en = be good at.
    * ser bueno para Alguien = be to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * ser capaz de = be capable of.
    * ser capaz de hacer cualquier cosa por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to.
    * ser característico de = be emblematic of.
    * ser carísimo = cost + be prohibitive.
    * ser caro = be steep.
    * ser casi seguro = be a good bet.
    * ser chiquito pero matón = punch above + Posesivo + weight.
    * ser chulo = be cool.
    * ser clavado a = be a dead ringer for.
    * ser cliente de una tienda = patronise + shop.
    * ser coherente = cohere.
    * ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.
    * ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.
    * ser como mínimo = be no less than.
    * ser como una esfera = wrap around.
    * ser como un círculo = wrap around.
    * ser como un libro abierto = be an open book.
    * ser complementario el uno del otro = be integral one to another.
    * ser complementarios = be integral one to another.
    * ser completamente diferente = be in a different league.
    * ser completo = be all inclusive.
    * ser común = be the case (with).
    * ser condenado a prisión = receive + prison sentence.
    * ser confuso = be deceiving.
    * ser conocido por = famously, have + a track record of.
    * ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.
    * ser consciente = sentient being.
    * ser consciente de = be alive to, be aware of, be cognisant of, be mindful of/that, become + cognisant of, be aware of, realise [realize, -USA].
    * ser consciente de + Posesivo + valía = be alive to + Posesivo + worth.
    * ser consciente + desafortunadamente = be painfully aware of.
    * ser contradictorio de = run + contrary to.
    * ser contraproducente = defeat + Posesivo + purpose, blowback.
    * ser contrario a = be contrary to, be hostile to.
    * ser conveniente + Infinitivo = be as well + Infinitivo, be well + Infinitivo.
    * ser correcto = be all right, be correct, be right.
    * ser cortés con = be civil towards.
    * ser costumbre = be customary.
    * ser creativo = be inventive.
    * ser creíble = invoke + belief.
    * ser criticado = be subjected to + criticism, be (the) subject of/to criticism, take + heat, come under + fire.
    * ser crucial (para) = be central (to).
    * ser cuestión de = come down to.
    * ser culpable = be to blame.
    * ser culpable (por/de) = be at fault (for/to).
    * ser dado a = be amenable to, be apt to, be given to.
    * ser de = be a native of.
    * ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.
    * ser de armas tomar = be a (real) handful.
    * ser de ayuda = be of assistance.
    * ser debatible = be a moot point, be open to question, be open to debate, be at issue.
    * ser de calidad = be up to snuff, be up to scratch.
    * ser decisión de + Nombre = be down to + Nombre.
    * ser de contenido + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in content.
    * ser de crecimiento rápido = be a quick grower.
    * ser de difícil acceso = tuck away.
    * ser de dominio público = be public domain.
    * ser deficiente = be wanting.
    * ser definitivo = be final.
    * ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.
    * ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.
    * ser de importancia primordial = be of key importance.
    * ser de importancia vital = lie at + the heart of.
    * ser de interés para = be of interest (to/for).
    * ser dejado en la obligación de Uno = be derelict in + duty.
    * ser de la izquierda = be of the left.
    * ser de la noche = night creature.
    * ser de la opinión de que = be of the opinion that, be of the view that.
    * ser del gusto de Uno = be to + Posesivo + taste.
    * ser del orden de + Número = be of the order of + Número.
    * ser de los que piensan que = subscribe to + view.
    * ser demasiado = be over-provided, be a mouthful.
    * ser demasiado + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.
    * ser demasiado complaciente = lean over + too far backwards.
    * ser demasiado común = be all too common.
    * ser demasiado para = be too much for, be too much for.
    * ser demasiado precavido = err + on the side of caution.
    * ser demasiado preciso = put + too fine a point on, split + hairs.
    * ser demasiado quisquilloso = put + too fine a point on, split + hairs.
    * ser demasiado tarde para echar atrás = reach + the point of no return.
    * ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * ser de número limitado = be limited in number.
    * ser de origen + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in origin.
    * ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser de raza negra o de piel morena = be coloured.
    * ser de sabios = be a point of wisdom.
    * ser desacertado = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * ser desastroso = spell + bad news, be a shambles, be (in) a mess.
    * ser desconocido para = be alien to.
    * ser descorazonador = be dispiriting.
    * ser desoído = be unheeded.
    * ser despiadado = play + hardball.
    * ser detenido = be under arrest.
    * ser de un solo uso = be a one-trip pony.
    * ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind, differ in + kind (from).
    * ser de un valor especial = be of particular value.
    * ser de uso general = be in general use, be generally available.
    * ser de utilidad = be of use.
    * ser de utilidad a = be of service to.
    * ser diestro en = be skilled at.
    * ser difícil = be a stretch.
    * ser difícil de bregar = be a (real) handful.
    * ser difícil de conseguir = be hard to get.
    * ser difícil de creer = beggar + belief.
    * ser difícil de encontrar = be hard to find.
    * ser difícil de lograr = be hard to get.
    * ser difícil de superar = take + some beating.
    * ser digno de = merit.
    * ser digno de admiración = deserve + admiration.
    * ser digno de crítica = merit + a critical eye.
    * ser digno de + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio.
    * ser diplomático = say + the right thing.
    * ser discutible = be open to question, be open to debate, be at issue.
    * ser dogmático = be dogmatic.
    * ser dos mundos completamente distintos = be poles apart.
    * ser dudoso = be doubtful.
    * ser duro = play + hardball.
    * ser eficaz para + Infinitivo = be efficient at + Gerundio.
    * ser el acabóse = take + the biscuit, take + the cake, be the limit.
    * ser el alma de = be the life of, be the life and soul of.
    * ser el asunto = be the point.
    * ser el beneficiario de = be on the receiving end of.
    * ser el blanco de = be a pushover for.
    * ser el blanco de las críticas = come under + fire.
    * ser el canalizador de = be the conduit for.
    * ser el capitán = skipper, captain.
    * ser el caso (de) = be the case (with).
    * ser el centro de atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show, cut + a dash.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * ser el colmo = be the last straw, bring + the situation to a head, take + the biscuit, take + the cake, be the limit.
    * ser el contrincante más débil = punch above + Posesivo + weight.
    * ser el culo del mundo = be the pits.
    * ser elegido = get in.
    * ser elevado = be steep.
    * ser el éxito de la fiesta = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.
    * ser el fin de = sign + a death warrant (for).
    * ser el jefe = be in charge, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.
    * ser el límite = be the limit.
    * ser el mandamás = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.
    * ser el más afectado por = bear + the brunt of.
    * ser el máximo = be the limit.
    * ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento (de) = be the time to.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento de/para = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser el objetivo de Uno = be in business for.
    * ser el orgullo de = be the pride and joy of.
    * ser el origen de = provide + the material for.
    * ser el paraje natural de = be home to.
    * ser el preludio = usher in.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * ser el punto de partida de = form + the basis of.
    * ser el punto más débil de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * ser el punto más flaco de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * ser el que con mayor frecuencia = be (the) most likely to.
    * ser el que con menor frecuencia = be (the) least likely to.
    * ser el resultado de = follow from, result from.
    * ser el segundo de a bordo = play + second fiddle.
    * ser el último grito = be all the rage.
    * ser el último mono ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.
    * ser emblemático de = be emblematic of.
    * ser en balde = be of no avail, be to no avail.
    * ser en cierto modo un + Nombre = be something of a + Nombre.
    * ser en vano = be of no avail, be to no avail.
    * ser enviado a = have + the lead to.
    * ser equiparable a = be commensurate with.
    * ser erróneo = be wide of the mark, be wrong.
    * ser escaso = be few and far between, be in short supply.
    * ser esclavo de = be slave to.
    * ser estupendo = sound + great, be fine and dandy.
    * ser estúpido = be off + Posesivo + rocker.
    * ser exigente al elegir = pick and choose.
    * ser exigente al escoger = pick and choose.
    * ser experto en = be skilled at.
    * ser expulsado de = be dropped from.
    * ser extraño para = be alien to.
    * ser extremadamente + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.
    * ser fácil = be easy.
    * ser fácil de conseguir = be readily available.
    * ser facilísimo = be a snap, be a piece of cake.
    * ser factible de = be amenable to.
    * ser familiar = strike + familiar chords, ring + a bell.
    * ser famoso = gain + recognition, be popular.
    * ser famoso por = famously, have + a track record of.
    * ser favorable = be a plus.
    * ser ficticio = be fiction.
    * ser fiel a = cleave to.
    * ser fructífero = come to + fruition.
    * ser goloso = have + a sweet tooth.
    * ser grosero con = be abusive of.
    * ser hábil para = be adroit at.
    * ser habitual = be customary.
    * ser harina de otro costal = be a different kettle of fish.
    * ser hipertenso = be hyper.
    * ser hora de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser hora de definirse = time to climb off the fence.
    * ser hora de irse = be time to go.
    * ser hora de marcharse = be time to go.
    * ser hora ya de que = be about time (that), be high time (that/to/for).
    * ser humilde = hide + Posesivo + light under a bushel.
    * sería mejor que + Subjuntivo = better + Infinitivo.
    * ser ideal = suit + best, be just the thing, be just the ticket, be just the job.
    * ser ideal para Uno = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley, be + Posesivo + cup of tea.
    * ser idóneo para = be suited to.
    * ser ignorado = be unheeded.
    * ser igual a = be equivalent to, equal.
    * ser igual que = amount to + the same thing as.
    * ser ilegal = be against the law.
    * ser ilimitado = be boundless.
    * ser implacable = play + hardball.
    * ser imponente = be awe-inspiring.
    * ser importante = be of importance, make + a difference, be of consequence.
    * ser importantísimo = make + all the difference in the world, make + difference in the world.
    * ser importantísimo (para) = be central (to).
    * ser imposible = be dead meat.
    * ser imprescindible = be a must.
    * ser improcedente = be out of order.
    * ser imprudente = be reckless.
    * ser inalterable = set in + stone, set in + tablets of stone.
    * ser incapaz de = be unable to.
    * ser incoherente = Negativo + hold + water.
    * ser incompatible (con) = be irreconcilable (with).
    * ser inconsistente = Negativo + hold + water.
    * ser increíble = beggar + belief.
    * ser independiente = go + Posesivo + own way, stew in + Posesivo + own juice, stand on + Posesivo + own (two) feet.
    * ser indescriptible = beggar + description.
    * ser indispensable = be a must.
    * ser ineficaz = fire + blanks.
    * ser infundado = be unfounded.
    * ser inherente a = inhere in.
    * ser inimaginable = beggar + imagination.
    * ser inminente = be on the cards.
    * ser inmune a = be immune from, be immune against.
    * ser innovador = break + new ground, break + ground.
    * ser innumerable = be without number, be legion.
    * ser innumerables = run into + the thousands.
    * ser insignificante = pale into + insignificance, stick + Algo + on a pin-point, be of no consequence.
    * ser insignificante de = be slight in.
    * ser inteligente = be talented.
    * ser interesante = be of interest (to/for).
    * ser interesante + Infinitivo = be as well + Infinitivo, be well + Infinitivo.
    * ser interesante + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.
    * ser interminable = there + be + no end to.
    * ser intransigente = play + hardball.
    * ser inútil = fire + blanks.
    * ser irrespetuoso con = disrespect, diss.
    * ser justo = play + fair.
    * ser justo con todos = give the devil his due.
    * ser justo hasta con el diablo = give the devil his due.
    * ser justo lo que se necesita = be just the thing, be just the ticket, be just the job.
    * ser justo lo que Uno necesita = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser justo que = there + be + justice in.
    * ser juzgado = stand + trial, stand for + trial.
    * ser la abreviatura de = be short for.
    * ser la base de = be at the core of, form + the basis of, be at the heart of.
    * ser la ciudad de = be home to.
    * ser la clave de = hold + the key to.
    * ser la comidilla del barrio = be the talk of the town.
    * ser la comidilla del pueblo = be the talk of the town.
    * ser la consecuencia de = follow from, result from.
    * ser la costumbre = be customary.
    * ser la cuestión = be the point.
    * ser la culminación de Algo = represent + the culmination of, mark + the culmination of.
    * ser la culpa de = be the fault of.
    * ser la debilidad de Alguien = be a sucker for.
    * ser la elección lógica = be a/the natural choice.
    * ser la elección natural = be a/the natural choice.
    * ser la excepción = be the exception.
    * ser la excepción a la regla = constitute + the exception to the rule.
    * ser la excepción que confirma la regla = be the exception rather than the rule.
    * ser la forma abreviada de = be short for.
    * ser la forma de = be a recipe for.
    * ser la fórmula para = be a recipe for.
    * ser la gota que colma el vaso = bring + the situation to a head.
    * ser la idea central de = be at the core of, be at the heart of.
    * ser la imagen de = be a picture of.
    * ser la intención = be the intention.
    * ser la intención de uno = be + Posesivo + intention.
    * ser la manera de = be a recipe for.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser la mayoría = be in the majority.
    * ser la mejor alternativa = be the best bet.
    * ser la mejor manera de = be the conduit for.
    * ser lamentable = be a pity.
    * ser la minoría = be in the minority.
    * ser la norma = be the norm, be the rule, become + the norm.
    * ser la novedad = be on the scene.
    * ser la obra de = be the work of.
    * ser la persona ideal para = be the best placed to.
    * ser la persona más indicada para = be in a position to.
    * ser la propia responsabilidad de Alguien = be of + Posesivo + own making.
    * ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.
    * ser la punta de lanza de = spearhead.
    * ser la razón de = lie at + the root of.
    * ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.
    * ser la responsabilidad de = be the responsibility of.
    * ser la responsabilidad de Alguien + Infinitivo = it + lie with + Nombre/Pronombre + to + Infinitivo.
    * ser la última palabra = be all the rage.
    * ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.
    * ser lector de una biblioteca = library membership.
    * ser lento = be slow off the mark, be slow off the blocks.
    * ser líder en = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * ser lo de Uno = be cut out for, be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser lo más parecido a = be as close as we come to.
    * ser lo mismo = be one and the same.
    * ser lo normal = be the order of the day.
    * ser lo principal de = be at the core of, be at the heart of.
    * ser lo que a Uno le encanta = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser lo que a Uno le gusta = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley, be + Posesivo + cup of tea.
    * ser lo que a Uno le interesa = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley, be + Posesivo + cup of tea.
    * ser lo que a Uno le va = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.
    * ser lo que a Uno más le gusta = be + Posesivo + big scene.
    * ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.
    * ser lo suficientemente + Adjetivo + como para = be + Adjetivo + enough to.
    * ser lo suficientemente comprensivo = go + far enough.
    * ser lo suficientemente conocido como para que = be sufficiently well known for.
    * serlo todo para todos = be all things to all men, be all things to all people.
    * ser lo último = be all the rage, be the pits.
    * ser lo último en = become + the next stop in.
    * ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.
    * ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.
    * ser magnífico + Gerundio = be terrific at + Gerundio.
    * ser malo = be a joke, spell + bad news, make + poor + Nombre.
    * ser maravilloso = sound + great.
    * ser más astuto que = outfox, outwit, outsmart.
    * ser más interno = inner being.
    * ser más un + Nombre = be more of a + Nombre.
    * ser mayor = be older.
    * ser mejor en = be better at.
    * ser mejor que = be superior to, compare + favourably.
    * ser mejor que + Subjuntivo = better + Infinitivo.
    * ser menor = be less.
    * ser menos + Adjetivo = be less of a(n) + Nombre.
    * ser mínimo = be at a minimum.
    * ser mirado de forma extraña = get + some funny looks.
    * ser modesto = hide + Posesivo + light under a bushel.
    * ser molesto = be disturbing.
    * ser moroso = be in default.
    * ser motivador = be motivating.
    * ser motivo de preocupación = loom + large.
    * ser mucho = be a mouthful.
    * ser mucho más = be all the more.
    * ser mucho más que = be far more than.
    * ser muy aconsejable que = be well advised to.
    * ser muy alto = be metres high.
    * ser muy amigo de = be pally with.
    * ser muy antiguo = go ba

    * * *
    /ser/
    = Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión
    * * *

     

    ser ( conjugate ser) cópula
    1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
    ◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;

    es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf;
    es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic;
    era cierto it was true;
    sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still;
    que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy;

    (+ me/te/le etc)

    ver tb imposible, difícil etc
    2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;

    es viuda she's a widow;
    ver tb estar 1 cópula 2
    3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;

    ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me
    4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):

    soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba;
    es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors';
    no soy de aquí I'm not from around here
    5 (hipótesis, futuro):

    ¿será cierto? can it be true?
    verbo intransitivo
    1

    b) (liter) ( en cuentos):

    ◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …

    2
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):


    ¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?

    ◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;

    ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq);
    ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us?
    3 ( sumar):
    ◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;

    son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos;
    somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether
    4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) ser para algo to be for sth;

    ( en locs)
    ◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;

    ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq);
    como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what;
    hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done;
    el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever;
    puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like;
    de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml);
    ¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!;
    es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?;
    es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim;
    lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something;
    estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes;
    o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago;
    o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested;
    o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out;
    (ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …;
    sea como sea at all costs;
    sea cuando sea whenever it is;
    sea donde sea no matter where;
    sea quien sea whoever it is;
    si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for …
    ( en el tiempo) to be;
    ◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived;
    ver tb v impers
    ser v impers to be;

    ser v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be;
    fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( ente) being;

    ◊ ser humano/vivo human/living being

    b) (individuo, persona):


    2 ( naturaleza):

    ser
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
    ser humano, human being
    ser vivo, living being
    2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
    2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
    ya es la una, it's one o'clock
    3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people
    (al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
    son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas
    Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
    4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
    5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
    6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
    es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
    7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
    es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
    8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
    ¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
    9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
    10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
    11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
    12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
    13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes
    (adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
    esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
    15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
    es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
    no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
    16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
    17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave
    ♦ Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
    como sea, anyhow
    de no ser por..., had it not been for
    es más, furthermore
    es que..., it's just that...
    lo que sea, whatever
    o sea, that is (to say)
    sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
    ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit
    ' ser' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - acceder
    - además
    - aficionada
    - aficionado
    - alardear
    - alcanzar
    - alimentar
    - alta
    - alto
    - ambicionar
    - antigüedad
    - aparición
    - arma
    - atinar
    - atorarse
    - aúpa
    - babear
    - básica
    - básico
    - bendición
    - caber
    - cacho
    - cada
    - cafetera
    - cafetero
    - calco
    - callo
    - canela
    - cansada
    - cansado
    - cantar
    - capaz
    - capirote
    - carácter
    - cardo
    - carne
    - carné
    - caso
    - cero
    - colarse
    - comida
    - comidilla
    - comido
    - conmigo
    - conquistador
    - conquistadora
    - contagiarse
    - contemplar
    - contienda
    English:
    accountable
    - addicted
    - adjust
    - allow
    - allowance
    - ambition
    - amount to
    - anathema
    - anomaly
    - arduous
    - around
    - aspire
    - aware
    - bad
    - be
    - beating
    - being
    - belong
    - betray
    - big
    - bill
    - bind over
    - bird
    - booby trap
    - boring
    - bounce
    - can
    - carry
    - catch up
    - cerebral
    - ceremonial
    - ceremony
    - charm
    - chip
    - claim
    - come into
    - come under
    - connoisseur
    - court
    - degree
    - deserve
    - destroy
    - differ
    - do
    - dodger
    - doubly
    - due
    - ear
    - easy
    - edit
    * * *
    ser The auxiliary verb ser is used with the past participle of a verb to form the passive (e.g. la película fue criticada the movie was criticized).
    ♦ v aux
    [para formar la voz pasiva] to be;
    fue visto por un testigo he was seen by a witness;
    la propuesta es debatida o [m5] está siendo debatida en el parlamento the proposal is being debated in parliament
    ♦ v copulativo
    1. [con adjetivos, sustantivos, pronombres] [indica cualidad, identidad, condición] to be;
    es alto/gracioso he's tall/funny;
    soy chileno/chiapaneco I'm Chilean/from Chiapas;
    es azul/difícil it's blue/difficult;
    sé discreta/paciente be discreet/patient;
    es un amigo/el dueño he's a friend/the owner;
    son unos amigos míos they're friends of mine;
    es el cartero/tu madre it's the postman o US mailman/your mother;
    soy yo, ábreme open up, it's me;
    soy Víctor [al teléfono] it's Víctor;
    la casa es aquella de ahí the house is that one over there;
    es un tipo muy simpático he's a very nice guy;
    ¿es eso verdad? is that true?;
    eso no es cierto that isn't true;
    es obvio que le gustas it's obvious that he likes you;
    no es necesario ir it isn't necessary to go;
    es posible que llueva it may rain;
    no está mal para ser de segunda mano it's not bad considering it's second-hand;
    no pierde sus derechos por ser inmigrante just because he's an immigrant doesn't mean he doesn't have any rights;
    te lo dejo en la mitad por ser tú seeing as o because it's you, I'll let you have it half-price;
    por ser usted, señora, 15 euros to you, madam, 15 euros;
    que seas muy feliz I wish you every happiness, I hope you'll be very happy;
    ¡será imbécil el tipo! the guy must be stupid!;
    este restaurante ya no es lo que era this restaurant isn't as good as it used to be o isn't what it used to be;
    RP Fam
    ser loco por algo to be wild about sth
    2. [con sustantivos, adjetivos] [indica empleo, dedicación, estado civil, religión] to be;
    soy abogado/actriz I'm a lawyer/an actress;
    son estudiantes they're students;
    para ser juez hay que trabajar mucho you have to work very hard to be o become a judge;
    es padre de tres hijos he's a father of three;
    es soltero/casado/divorciado he's single/married/divorced;
    era viuda she was a widow;
    son budistas/protestantes they are Buddhists/Protestants;
    el que fuera gobernador del estado the former governor of the state;
    Am Fam
    ¿tú eres o te haces? are you stupid or what?;
    RP Fam
    ¿vos sos o te hacés? are you stupid or what?
    3. [con "de"] [indica material, origen, propiedad]
    ser de [estar hecho de] to be made of;
    [provenir de] to be from; [pertenecer a] to belong to;
    un juguete que es todo de madera a completely wooden toy, a toy made completely of wood;
    ¿de dónde eres? where are you from?;
    estas pilas son de una linterna these batteries are from a torch;
    ¿es de usted este abrigo? is this coat yours?, does this coat belong to you?;
    los juguetes son de mi hijo the toys are my son's;
    portarse así es de cobardes only cowards behave like that, it's cowardly to behave like that
    4. [con "de"] [indica pertenencia a grupo]
    ser de [club, asociación, partido] to be a member of;
    ¿de qué equipo eres? [aficionado] which team o who do you support?;
    soy del Barcelona I support Barcelona;
    ser de los que… to be one of those people who…;
    ése es de los que están en huelga he is one of those on strike;
    no es de las que se asustan por cualquier cosa she's not one to get scared easily
    ♦ vi
    1. [ocurrir, tener lugar] to be;
    fue aquí it was here;
    ¿cuándo es la boda? when's the wedding?;
    la final era ayer the final was yesterday;
    ¿cómo fue lo de tu accidente? how did your accident happen?;
    ¿qué fue de aquel amigo tuyo? what happened to that friend of yours?;
    ¿qué es de Pablo? how's Pablo (getting on)?
    2. [constituir, consistir en] to be;
    fue un acierto que nos quedáramos en casa we were right to stay at home;
    lo importante es decidirse the important thing is to reach a decision;
    su ambición era dar la vuelta al mundo her ambition was to travel round the world;
    tratar así de mal a la gente es buscarse problemas treating people so badly is asking for trouble
    3. [con fechas, horas] to be;
    ¿qué (día) es hoy? what day is it today?, what's today?;
    hoy es jueves today's Thursday, it's Thursday today;
    ¿qué (fecha) es hoy? what's the date today?, what date is it today?;
    mañana será 15 de julio tomorrow (it) will be 15 July;
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?, what's the time?;
    son las tres (de la tarde) it's three o'clock (in the afternoon), it's three (pm);
    serán o [m5] deben de ser las tres it must be three (o'clock)
    4. [con precios] to be;
    ¿cuánto es? how much is it?;
    son 300 pesos that'll be 300 pesos;
    ¿a cómo son esos tomates? how much are those tomatoes?
    5. [con cifras, en operaciones] to be;
    ellos eran unos 500 there were about 500 of them;
    11 por 100 son 1.100 11 times 100 is 1,100
    6. [servir, ser adecuado]
    ser para to be for;
    este trapo es para (limpiar) las ventanas this cloth is for (cleaning) the windows;
    este libro es para niños this book is for children;
    la ciudad no es para mí the city isn't for me
    7. [con "de" más infinitivo] [indica necesidad, posibilidad]
    es de desear que… it is to be hoped that…;
    era de esperar que pasara algo así it was to be expected that something like that would happen;
    es de suponer que aparecerá presumably, he'll turn up;
    es de temer cuando se enoja she's really scary when she gets angry
    8. [para recalcar, poner énfasis]
    ése es el que me lo contó he's the one who told me;
    lo que es a mí, no me llamaron they certainly didn't call me, they didn't call me, anyway;
    ¿es que ya no te acuerdas? don't you remember any more, then?, you mean you don't remember any more?
    9. [indica excusa, motivo]
    es que no me hacen caso but o the thing is they don't listen to me;
    es que no vine porque estaba enfermo the reason I didn't come is that I was ill, I didn't come because I was ill, you see;
    ¿cómo es que no te han avisado? how come they didn't tell you?
    10. Literario [existir]
    Platón, uno de los grandes sabios que en el mundo han sido Plato, one of the wisest men ever to walk this earth
    11. [en frases]
    a no ser que venga unless she comes;
    tengo que conseguirlo (sea) como sea I have to get it one way or another;
    hay que evitar (sea) como sea que se entere we have to prevent her from finding out at all costs o no matter what;
    hazlo cuando sea do it whenever;
    de no ser/haber sido por… if it weren't/hadn't been for…;
    de no ser por él no estaríamos vivos if it weren't for him, we wouldn't be alive;
    de no ser así otherwise;
    de ser así if that should happen;
    déjalo donde sea leave it anywhere o wherever;
    érase una vez, érase que se era once upon a time;
    dile lo que sea, da igual tell her anything o whatever, it doesn't make any difference;
    haré lo que sea para recuperar mi dinero I will do whatever it takes o anything to get my money back;
    se enfadó, y no era para menos she got angry, and not without reason;
    no sea que…, no vaya a ser que… in case…;
    la llamaré ahora no sea que luego me olvide I'll call her now in case I forget later;
    Estados Unidos y Japón, o sea, las dos economías mundiales más importantes the United States and Japan, that is to say o in other words, the two most important economies in the world;
    50 euros, o sea unas 8.300 pesetas 50 euros, that's about 8,300 pesetas;
    o sea que no quieres venir so you don't want to come then?;
    por si fuera poco as if that wasn't enough;
    habla con quien sea talk to anyone;
    sea quien sea no abras la puerta don't open the door, whoever it is;
    si no fuera/hubiera sido por… if it weren't/hadn't been for…;
    Am
    siendo que… seeing that o as…, given that…;
    Am
    siendo que tienes la plata, cómprate el vestido más caro seeing as o since you've got the money, buy yourself the more expensive dress
    ♦ v impersonal
    [indica tiempo] to be;
    es muy tarde it's rather late;
    era de noche/de día it was night/day
    ♦ nm
    1. [ente] being;
    seres de otro planeta beings from another planet
    ser humano human being;
    Ser Supremo Supreme Being;
    los seres vivos living things
    2. [persona] person;
    sus seres queridos his loved ones
    3. [existencia]
    mis padres me dieron el ser my parents gave me my life
    4. [esencia, naturaleza] being;
    la quiero con todo mi ser I love her with all my being o soul
    * * *
    f abr (= Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión) network of independent Spanish radio stations
    * * *
    ser {77} vi
    1) : to be
    él es mi hermano: he is my brother
    Camila es linda: Camila is pretty
    2) : to exist, to live
    ser, o no ser: to be or not to be
    3) : to take place, to occur
    el concierto es el domingo: the concert is on Sunday
    4) (used with expressions of time, date, season)
    son las diez: it's ten o'clock
    hoy es el 9: today's the 9th
    5) : to cost, to come to
    ¿cuánto es?: how much is it?
    6) (with the future tense) : to be able to be
    ¿será posible?: can it be possible?
    7)
    ser de : to come from
    somos de Managua: we're from Managua
    8)
    ser de : to belong to
    ese lápiz es de Juan: that's Juan's pencil
    9)
    es que : the thing is that
    es que no lo conozco: it's just that I don't know him
    ¡sea! : agreed!, all right!
    sea... sea : either... or
    la cuenta ha sido pagada: the bill has been paid
    él fue asesinado: he was murdered
    ser nm
    : being
    ser humano: human being
    * * *
    ser1 n (ente) being
    ser2 vb
    1. (en general) to be
    2. (estar hecho) to be made
    3. (pertenecer) to belong
    este libro es de María this book belongs to María / this book is María's

    Spanish-English dictionary > ser

  • 6 essere

    1. v/i be
    essere di ( provenire di) be or come from
    essere di qualcuno ( appartenere a) belong to someone
    lei è di Roma she is or comes from Rome
    è di mio padre it is my father's, it belongs to my father
    c'è there is
    ci sono there are
    sono io it's me
    cosa c'è? what's the matter?, what's wrong?
    non c'è di che! don't mention it!
    chi è? who is it?
    ci siamo! here we are!
    sono le tre it's three o'clock
    siamo in quattro there are four of us
    se fossi in te if I were you
    sarà! if you say so!
    2. v/aux: siamo arrivati alle due we arrived at two o'clock
    non siamo ancora arrivati we haven't arrived yet
    è stato investito he has been run over
    3. m being
    essere umano human being
    * * *
    essere v.ausiliare
    1 ( con funzione di copula) to be*: sono italiano, I'm Italian; sei molto gentile, you're very kind; è un uomo fortunato, he's a lucky man; la porta è aperta, the door is open; è una vecchia storia, it's an old story; siamo buoni amici, we're good friends; siete francesi?, are you French?; il cielo era sereno, the sky was clear; non essere sgarbato, don't be rude; è interessante quell'articolo?, is that article interesting?; non è giusto, it isn't fair; sarà difficile trovarli, it will be hard to find them; fu un vero successo, it was a great success; questo non è vivere!, this is no life!; è notte, è mattina, it's night, it's morning; era una bellissima giornata, it was a beautiful day; era già tardi, it was already late; era il 1o di luglio, it was the 1st July; è Pasqua, Natale, it's Easter, Christmas; domani è il compleanno della mamma, it's my mother's birthday tomorrow
    2 ( nella coniugazione passiva) to be*: sei desiderato al telefono, you're wanted on the phone; la discoteca è frequentata da giovanissimi, the disco is popular with teenagers; il Presidente della Repubblica è eletto ogni 4 anni, the President of the Republic is elected every 4 years; la riunione si è tenuta nella Sala dei Congressi, the meeting was held in the Congress Hall; lo zar Pietro I fu detto il Grande, Tsar Peter I was called the Great; furono accusati di tentato omicidio, they were charged with attempted murder; la casa sarà completamente ristrutturata, the house is to be completely remodelled; dopo essere stato riconosciuto colpevole, fu condannato all'ergastolo, after being found guilty, he was sentenced to life imprisonment; quando sarà inaugurata la mostra?, when will the exhibition be inaugurated?; non è ancora stato reso noto il numero delle vittime, the number of victims is not yet known
    3 (nei tempi composti della coniugazione attiva di verbi intransitivi, riflessivi e impersonali) to have: è appena arrivato, he has just arrived; non sono ancora partiti, they haven't left yet; che cosa è avvenuto?, what has happened?; che n'è stato di lui?, what has become of him?; è molto invecchiato, he has aged a great deal; è piovuto tutto il giorno, it's been raining all day long; è piovuto parecchio in questi giorni, it has rained a great deal in the last few days; se fossi stato avvisato in tempo, sarei venuto alla riunione, if I had been informed in time, I would have come to the meeting; la temperatura si è notevolmente abbassata, the temperature has shot down; si è avuto un forte calo nelle vendite, there has been a sharp drop in sales; mi ero appena svegliato, I had just woken up; ci eravamo già incontrati, we had met before; saranno state le tre di notte, it must have been three o'clock in the morning
    4 (con un v. servile) to have: non sarei potuto venire comunque, I wouldn't have been able to come anyway; è dovuto partire improvvisamente, he has had to leave unexpectedly; ci siamo dovuti accontentare di una camera singola, we have had to make do with a single room
    ◆ v. intr.
    1 ( esistere) to be*, to exist: Dio è, God exists; penso, dunque sono, I think, therefore I am; essere o non essere, to be or not to be
    2 ( accadere, avvenire) to be*; to become*, to happen: che cosa è stato?, what was it?; quand'è stato?, when was it?; fu nell'estate del '78, it was (o it happened) in the summer of '78 // e fu così che conobbi mio marito, that's how I met my husband // quel ch'è stato è stato, let bygones be bygones // sia quel che sia, sia come sia, be that as it may (be) // sarà quel che sarà, what (ever) will be will be // che ne sarà di noi?, what's to become of us?; che n'è stato di lui?, what has become of him? // com'è come non è, all of a sudden // ebbene, sia!, well, so be it! // come che sia, whatever happens // così sia, let it be // come se niente fosse, as if nothing had happened
    3 ( consistere) to consist, to lie*: la felicità non è nella ricchezza, happiness doesn't lie in riches; il problema era che si doveva decidere subito, the trouble lay in having to decide at once // il bello è che..., the interesting thing is that... // il fatto è che..., the fact is that...
    4 ( costare, valere, pesare) to be: ''Quant'è?'' ''Sono 15 euro in tutto'', ''How much is it?'' ''It's 15 euros''; ''Quant'era di peso?'', ''How heavy was it?''; quant'è una sterlina in euro?, how much is a pound in euros?; quant'è un panino e una birra?, how much is a sandwich and a glass of beer?; quant'era il conto?, how much was the bill?
    5 ( andare) to be*: dove sei stato quest'estate?, where have you been this summer?; ''Sei mai stato a Londra?'' ''Sì, ci sono stato l'anno scorso'', ''Have you ever been to London?'' ''Yes, I was there last year''; non eravamo mai stati a Parigi, we had never been to Paris; sono stati a trovarla all'ospedale, they have been to see her in hospital
    6 ( arrivare, venire) to be*: eri già stato da queste parti?, had you ever been here before?; sono subito da lei, I'll be with you at once; tra poco saremo a casa, we'll be home soon
    7 ( stare, trovarsi) to be*: ''Dove sono gli altri invitati?'' ''Sono in giardino'', ''Where are the other guests?'' ''They're in the garden''; è a Tokyo per lavoro, he's in Tokyo on business; la casa è in ottimo stato, the house is in excellent shape; il direttore non è in ufficio, the manager isn't in the office; l'ufficiale era in divisa, the officer was in uniform; sono a pranzo da amici domani, I'm having lunch with friends tomorrow; siamo in primavera, it's spring; a che capitolo siamo?, what chapter are we at?; stanotte sono di guardia, I'm on duty tonight; erano tutti dalla mia parte, they were all on my side // essere in dubbio, to be in doubt // essere sull'avviso, to be warned // essere alla fame, to be starving // essere alla disperazione, to be in despair // essere dalla parte della ragione, del torto, to be in the right, in the wrong // essere più di là che di qua, to be more dead than alive // (banca): essere alla pari, to be at par; essere in rosso, scoperto, to be in the red (o overdrawn) // essere in disavanzo, to be in debit
    8 ( diventare) to be*, to get*: quando sarai grande, capirai, you'll understand when you're grown up (o when you get older); vorrebbe essere un attore, he would like to be an actor; un giorno sarò ricco, one day I'll be rich; quando fu stanco di studiare, andò a fare due passi, when he got tired of studying, he went for a walk
    9 ( in correlazione) sia... sia: sia il padre sia la madre parteciparono alla cerimonia, both his father and mother were present at the ceremony // sia che... sia che..., whether... or...: sia che tu lo voglia, sia che non lo voglia, partiremo domani, we're leaving tomorrow, whether you like it or not; sia che lo mandi per espresso, sia che lo spedisca via aerea, non arriverà in tempo, whether you send it express or (by) airmail, it won't arrive in time
    10 essere di, ( materia) to be (made) of; ( appartenenza) to be of, to belong (to); ( origine) to be from: tutte le statue erano di bronzo, all the statues were made of bronze; ''Di chi è quest'ombrello?'' ''é di Marco'', ''Whose umbrella is this?'' ''It's Mark's'' (o ''It belongs to Mark''); sono di Venezia, I'm from Venice; è di buona famiglia, he's from a good family
    11 essere da, ( convenire a) to be worthy (of); (seguito da inf. con valore di dovere) to be (to): non è un comportamento da persona civile, his behaviour isn't worthy of a gentleman; è tutto da verificare, it remains to be seen; non sono fatti da sottovalutare, they're not facts to be underestimated; è una cosa da fare subito?, is it something to be done at once? // non sono da meno di lui, I'm worth as much as he is.
    ◆ esserci, to be*: che c'è?, what's the matter?; che cosa c'è di nuovo?, what's new?; c'è qualcuno in casa?, is there anyone at home?; c'è molto traffico sulle strade, there is a lot of traffic on the roads; non c'era nessuna traccia dei rapitori, there was no sign of the kidnappers; chi c'era al concerto?, who was at the concert?; non c'è stato mezzo di farlo ragionare, there was no way of getting him to see reason; ci dev'essere una soluzione di questo problema, there must be an answer to this problem; ci saranno state una ventina di persone alla cerimonia, there must have been about twenty people at the ceremony // quanto c'è da Roma a Napoli?, ( distanza) how far is it from Rome to Naples?; ( tempo) how long does it take from Rome to Naples? // ci siamo!, ( siamo arrivati) here we are!; ( siamo alle solite) here we go again! // ci sono!, ( ho capito) I've got it! // non c'è che dire, there's nothing to be said // non c'era il minimo dubbio, there wasn't the slightest doubt // non c'è da aver paura, there is nothing to be afraid of // c'era una volta un re, un cavaliere, once upon a time there was a king, a knight.
    ◆ FRASEOLOGIA: ''Chi è?'' ''Sono io'', ''Who is it?'' ''It's me'' (o form. ''It is I''); sei tu?, is that (o is it) you? // che ora è?, what's the time? (o what time is it?) // vent'anni or sono, twenty years ago // nei tempi che furono, in the past (o in times gone by) // è per questo che..., that's why... // se fossi in te..., if I were you; se non fosse stato per il tempo..., if it hadn't been for the weather... (o but for the weather...) // ( come) sarebbe a dire?, what do you mean by that? // sono due ore che ti aspetto, I've been waiting for you for two hours // essere a spasso, ( disoccupato) to be out of work (o to be out of a job) // essere in grado di fare qlco., ( capace) to be able to do sthg.; ( in condizione di) to be in a position to do sthg. // essere sul punto di, in procinto di fare qlco., to be on the point of doing sthg., to be about to do sthg. // essere giù, ( fisicamente) to be run down; ( moralmente) to be down, (fam.) to be down in the dumps // essere di aiuto, to help // essere in sé, to be oneself; essere fuori di sé, ( sragionare) to be out of one's mind; ( non riuscire a dominarsi) to be beside oneself // sarà!..., ( per esprimere dubbio, perplessità) maybe (o that's how it may be); ( per esprimere incredulità) that's a likely story! // non può essere!, that's impossible!
    essere s.m.
    1 being, individual: esseri umani, human beings // l'Essere Supremo, the Supreme Being
    2 ( creatura) creature: un essere spregevole, a despicable creature (o fellow); un povero essere, a poor creature
    3 ( esistenza) existence: l'essere dello spirito, the existence of the spirit
    4 ( stato) state, condition.
    * * *
    ['ɛssere] (aus essere)
    1. vi
    1) (copulativo) to be

    chi è quel tipo? — è Giovanni — who is that (guy)? — it's Giovanni

    è giovane/malato — he is young/ill

    siamo in dieci a volerci andare — there are ten of us wanting to go o who want to go

    2) (trovarsi) to be, (vivere) to live

    sono qui da tre ore — I've been here for three hours

    è a Roma dal 1990 — he's been (living) in Rome since 1990

    3) (diventare) to be
    4) (esistere) to be
    5)

    (provenire) è di Genova — he is o comes from Genoa

    6)

    (appartenenza) di chi è questo libro? — è mio — whose book is this? — it's mine

    non potrò essere dei vostri quest'estate — I won't be able to join you this summer

    7)

    (data) è il 12 giugno — it is June 12th

    8)

    (ora) che ora è? o che ore sono? — sono le due — what's the time? o what time is it? — it's two o'clock

    9)

    (+ da + infinito) è da fare subito — it should be done o needs to be done o is to be done immediately

    è da spedire stasera — it has (got) to be sent tonight

    2. vb aus
    1)

    (tempi composti: attivo) è arrivato? — has he arrived?

    2)

    (tempi composti: passivo) è stato fabbricato in India — it was made in India

    3)

    (tempi composti: riflessivo) si sono vestiti — they dressed, they got dressed

    (reciproco) si sono baciati — they kissed

    non si sono visti — they didn't see each other

    3. vb impers
    1)

    è che non mi piace — the fact is I don't like it

    che ne sarà della macchina? — what will happen to the car?

    sarà come dici tu — you may be right

    come sarebbe a dire? — what do you mean?

    come se niente fosse — as if nothing had happened

    è da tre ore che ti aspetto — I've been waiting for you for three hours

    non è da te — it's not like you

    sia detto fra noi — between you and me

    è possibile che venga — he may come

    può essere — perhaps

    sarà quel che sarà — what will be will be

    sia quel che sia, io me ne vado — whatever happens I'm off

    2)

    (costare) sono 200 euro — that's 200 euros, that comes to 200 euros

    quant'è? — how much is it?

    quant'è in tutto? — how much does that come to?

    3)

    esserci: c'è — there is

    non c'è altro da dire — there's nothing else to be said o there's nothing more one can say

    che (cosa) c'è? — what's wrong o the matter?

    che c'è di nuovo? — what's new?

    cosa c'è — what's wrong o the matter?

    c'è da strapparsi i capelli — it's enough to drive you up the wall

    ce n'è per tutti — there's enough for everybody

    quanti invitati ci saranno? — how many guests will there be?

    quanto c'è da qui a Edimburgo? — how far is it from here to Edinburgh?

    c'era una volta... — once upon a time there was...

    See:
    4. sm
    * * *
    I ['ɛssere]
    verbo intransitivo (aus. essere)

    sono subito da lei, signora — I'll be with you right away, madam

    "sei brutto!" "sarai bello tu!" — "you're ugly!" "you're not so handsome yourself!"

    che ne è di...? — what (has become) of...?

    non è da te, da lui — it's not like you, him

    se non fosse per... — were it not o if it were not for...

    se non fosse stato per te, sarei morto — had it not been for you, I would have died

    se fossi in te, lui... — if I were you, him...

    per essere un capo non è male — as bosses go, she's not bad

    per essere bello è bello ma... — I'm not saying he's not handsome, but...

    può essere — maybe, perhaps

    può essere che non venga — he may o might not come

    quel che è stato, è stato — let bygones be bygones

    sarà! — (forse) maybe! (ne dubito) I have my doubts!

    sarà anche il capo ma — he may be the boss, but

    sia come sia — be that as it may II esserci, esservi

    che (cosa) c'è? — (che succede?) what is it? what's up? what's the matter? (che vuoi?) yes? (con tono seccato) what do you want?

    sono Luca, c'è tuo fratello? — it's Luca, is your brother in o there?

    ci siamo — (ci risiamo) there we go again; (ecco che si comincia) here we go

    II ['ɛssere]
    sostantivo maschile
    2) (persona) person, creature

    con tutto il proprio essere — [detestare, desiderare] with one's whole being

    4) (esistenza) being, existence
    * * *
    essere1
    /'εssere/ [4]
     (aus. essere) essere o non essere to be or not to be; tre anni or sono three years ago; sono subito da lei, signora I'll be with you right away, madam; "sei brutto!" "sarai bello tu!" "you're ugly!" "you're not so handsome yourself!"; che ne è di...? what (has become) of...? che ne sarà di noi? what will become of us? non è da te, da lui it's not like you, him; se non fosse per... were it not o if it were not for...; se non fosse stato per te, sarei morto had it not been for you, I would have died; se fossi in te, lui... if I were you, him...; per essere un capo non è male as bosses go, she's not bad; per essere bello è bello ma... I'm not saying he's not handsome, but...; può essere maybe, perhaps; può essere che non venga he may o might not come; non può essere (vero)! it can't be (true)! quel che è stato, è stato let bygones be bygones; sarà! (forse) maybe! (ne dubito) I have my doubts! sarà anche il capo ma he may be the boss, but; sarà quel che sarà what(ever) will be will be; e sia! so be it! sia come sia be that as it may II esserci, esservi che (cosa) c'è?(che succede?) what is it? what's up? what's the matter? (che vuoi?) yes? (con tono seccato) what do you want? c'è nessuno (in casa)? is anybody there o in? sono Luca, c'è tuo fratello? it's Luca, is your brother in o there? non ci sono per nessuno I'm not in for anyone; ci siamo (ci risiamo) there we go again; (ecco che si comincia) here we go.
    ————————
    essere2
    /'εssere/
    sostantivo m.
     1 (organismo vivente) being; essere umano human being; essere vivente living being
     2 (persona) person, creature; un essere spregevole a despicable person
     3 (natura intima) being; con tutto il proprio essere [detestare, desiderare] with one's whole being
     4 (esistenza) being, existence.
    \
    See also notes... (essere.pdf)

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > essere

  • 7 Stephenson, George

    [br]
    b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England
    d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England
    [br]
    English engineer, "the father of railways".
    [br]
    George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.
    In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.
    In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.
    It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.
    During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.
    In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.
    On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.
    At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.
    In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.
    The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.
    Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.
    Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.
    Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.
    He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.
    Bibliography
    1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).
    1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).
    S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George

  • 8 desgracia

    f.
    1 misfortune (mala suerte).
    ha tenido la desgracia de sufrir dos accidentes aéreos she's had the misfortune to be in two air accidents
    por desgracia unfortunately
    2 disaster.
    es una desgracia que… it's a terrible shame that…
    3 disgrace, shame, dishonor, discredit.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: desgraciar.
    * * *
    1 (desdicha) misfortune
    2 (mala suerte) bad luck, mischance
    3 (pérdida de favor) disfavour (US disfavor)
    4 (accidente) mishap, accident
    \
    caer en desgracia to lose favour (US favor), fall from grace
    para colmo de desgracias / para mayor desgracia to top it all, to top everything
    por desgracia unfortunately
    ¡qué desgracia! how awful!
    * * *
    noun f.
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=mala suerte) misfortune

    tuve la desgracia de encontrármelo en el cine — I had the misfortune to o I was unfortunate enough to run into him at the cinema

    estar en desgracia — frm to have constant bad luck

    2) (=revés) misfortune

    ha muerto, ¡qué desgracia! — she has died, what a terrible thing (to happen)!

    3)

    desgracias personales — (=víctimas) casualties

    4)

    caer en desgracia — to lose favour o (EEUU) favor, fall from favour o (EEUU) favor

    * * *
    1)
    a) (desdicha, infortunio) misfortune

    tener la desgracia de + inf — to have the misfortune to + inf

    b)

    y para colmo de desgracias... — and to crown o cap it all...

    las desgracias nunca vienen solas — when it rains, it pours (AmE), it never rains but it pours (BrE)

    •
    * * *
    = mishap, affliction, mischance, obliteration, stroke of misfortune, ill fate, misfortune, misadventure.
    Ex. The operations staff makes special backup copies of the catalogs in the network, reconstructs the files in case of a serious mishap, enters new system logon names, assigns authorization levels, and so forth.
    Ex. In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.
    Ex. Lawyers find it problematic to consult psychologists, partly because psychological research may turn up unfavorable data through sheer mischance, eg, an invalid sample.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'The wayward bookman: the decline, fall and historical obliteration of an ALA president'.
    Ex. The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex. The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.
    Ex. The economic misfortunes of the decade had removed much of the opposition to the working classes using public libraries.
    Ex. This is a wholly truthful account of her various discoveries and misadventures recounted, to the best of her recollection, in four parts.
    ----
    * caer en desgracia = fall from + grace, fall into + disfavour, tumble into + disgrace, come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute, be in the doghouse, fall + foul of.
    * demasiado + Adjetivo + para su desgracia = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.
    * por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.
    * por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.
    * una desgracia = a crying shame.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (desdicha, infortunio) misfortune

    tener la desgracia de + inf — to have the misfortune to + inf

    b)

    y para colmo de desgracias... — and to crown o cap it all...

    las desgracias nunca vienen solas — when it rains, it pours (AmE), it never rains but it pours (BrE)

    •
    * * *
    = mishap, affliction, mischance, obliteration, stroke of misfortune, ill fate, misfortune, misadventure.

    Ex: The operations staff makes special backup copies of the catalogs in the network, reconstructs the files in case of a serious mishap, enters new system logon names, assigns authorization levels, and so forth.

    Ex: In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.
    Ex: Lawyers find it problematic to consult psychologists, partly because psychological research may turn up unfavorable data through sheer mischance, eg, an invalid sample.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'The wayward bookman: the decline, fall and historical obliteration of an ALA president'.
    Ex: The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex: The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.
    Ex: The economic misfortunes of the decade had removed much of the opposition to the working classes using public libraries.
    Ex: This is a wholly truthful account of her various discoveries and misadventures recounted, to the best of her recollection, in four parts.
    * caer en desgracia = fall from + grace, fall into + disfavour, tumble into + disgrace, come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute, be in the doghouse, fall + foul of.
    * demasiado + Adjetivo + para su desgracia = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.
    * por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.
    * por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.
    * una desgracia = a crying shame.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (desdicha, infortunio): tuvo la desgracia de perder un hijo sadly, she lost a son, she was unfortunate enough to lose a son
    tiene la desgracia de que la mujer es alcohólica unfortunately, his wife is an alcoholic, he has the misfortune to have an alcoholic wife
    bastante desgracia tiene el pobre hombre con su enfermedad he has enough to bear with his illness
    en la desgracia se conoce a los amigos when things get bad o rough o tough you find out who your real friends are
    caer en desgracia to fall from favor o grace
    2
    por desgracia ( indep) unfortunately
    ¿te tocó sentarte al lado de él? — sí, por desgracia did you have to sit next to him? — unfortunately, yes o yes, I'm afraid so
    B
    (suceso adverso): han tenido una desgracia tras otra they've had one piece of bad luck o one disaster after another
    sufrió muchas desgracias en su juventud he suffered many misfortunes in his youth
    y para colmo de desgracias, se me quemó la cena and to crown o cap it all, I burned the dinner
    ¡qué desgracia! se me manchó el traje nuevo oh, no o what a disaster! I've spilt something on my new suit
    las desgracias nunca vienen solas when it rains, it pours ( AmE), it never rains but it pours ( BrE)
    Compuesto:
    fpl ( period); casualties (pl)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo desgraciar: ( conjugate desgraciar)

    desgracia es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    desgracia    
    desgraciar
    desgracia sustantivo femenino
    a) (desdicha, infortunio) misfortune;


    caer en desgracia to fall from favor
    b)


    desgracia sustantivo femenino
    1 (mala suerte) misfortune
    2 (suceso penoso) tragedy: tuvieron la desgracia de perder su casa en un incendio, they suffered the misfortune of losing their house in a fire
    3 (pérdida de favor, respeto) caer en desgracia, to fall into disgrace 4 desgracias personales, casualties
    ♦ Locuciones: por desgracia, unfortunately: por desgracia no podemos ir, unfortunately we can't go
    las desgracias nunca vienen solas, when it rains it pours
    ' desgracia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abatirse
    - adversidad
    - azote
    - caer
    - calamidad
    - desastre
    - disgusto
    - entera
    - entero
    - evitar
    - hambre
    - plaga
    - través
    - abatir
    - conllevar
    - desdicha
    - encarar
    - golpe
    - miseria
    - presentir
    - recuperar
    - sobrevenir
    English:
    blow
    - curse
    - disgrace
    - doghouse
    - favor
    - favour
    - misadventure
    - misery
    - misfortune
    - unfortunately
    - unluckily
    - wretchedness
    - affliction
    - dismay
    - disturbed
    * * *
    1. [mala suerte] misfortune;
    le persigue la desgracia he is dogged by bad luck;
    ha tenido la desgracia de sufrir dos accidentes aéreos she's had the misfortune to be in two plane crashes;
    por desgracia unfortunately;
    ¿le llegaste a conocer? – por desgracia para mí did you ever meet him? – unfortunately for me, I did
    2. [catástrofe] disaster;
    ha ocurrido una desgracia something terrible has happened;
    le persiguen las desgracias bad things keep happening to him;
    una vida llena de desgracias a life full of misfortune;
    ¡qué desgracia! how awful!;
    es una desgracia que… it's a terrible shame that…;
    las desgracias nunca vienen solas it never rains but it pours
    desgracias personales:
    no hubo que lamentar desgracias personales there were no casualties, fortunately
    3. Comp
    caer en desgracia to fall from grace o into disgrace;
    caer en desgracia de alguien to fall out of favour with sb;
    es la desgracia de la familia he's the shame of the family
    * * *
    f
    1 misfortune;
    por desgracia unfortunately
    2 suceso accident;
    las desgracias nunca vienen solas when it rains, it pours
    3 ( vergüenza) disgrace;
    caer en desgracia fall from favor o Br favour o
    grace
    * * *
    1) : misfortune
    2) : disgrace
    3)
    por desgracia : unfortunately
    * * *
    desgracia n misfortune / piece of bad luck

    Spanish-English dictionary > desgracia

  • 9 acronyms (new and funny)

    •• Широкое употребление сокращений – неотъемлемая черта любого живого современного языка. Многих это раздражает, но сокращения – реальность, с которой обязательно должен считаться переводчик. И в русском, и в английском языке, особенно в течение ХХ столетия, «накопились» тысячи, а возможно десятки тысяч сокращений. Но не случайно я поставил это слово в кавычки, ибо сокращения не столько накапливаются, сколько появляются и либо «прячутся», либо исчезают. Иными словами, у них часто весьма узкая сфера распространения и недолгий век. Но какие-то из них – довольно многие – закрепляются в языке практически на всем его «пространстве». Так, почти любому американцу известны такие сокращения, как UN – именно так, а не UNO (United Nations), DC (District of Columbia), NFL (National Football League), PTA (Parent Teacher Association), CD (в зависимости от контекста compact disc или certificate of deposit – срочный сберегательный вклад), MBA (Master of Business Administration), CNN (Cable News Network). В двух последних случаях сокращение живет, можно сказать, своей собственной жизнью, так как многие не знают или забыли его расшифровку. У нас в стране все или почти все знают, что такое ООН, ИТАР-ТАСС (тоже, пожалуй, в отрыве от расшифровки), ЧП, НТВ, ВВС (Военно-воздушные силы), фактически превратившиеся в слова вуз и кпд (коэффициент полезного действия) и многие другие сокращения.

    •• Для переводчика английского языка проблематика сокращений особенно актуальна, так как в последние два десятилетия американцы стали употреблять их значительно чаще, чем раньше. Наверное, они очень спешат, и даже электроника, вроде бы экономящая уйму времени, кажется, лишь подстегивает их бег.
    •• Начнем поэтому с сокращений, многие из которых получили распространение в переписке по электронной почте (ежедневно по электронной почте отправляется 9,8 миллиарда сообщений, из них, согласно оценкам, около половины – в Америке), но постепенно проникают и в другие сферы:
    •• ASAP (произносится по буквам) – as soon as possible;
    •• BTW – by the way;
    •• FCOL – for crying out loud! Это забавное выражение, приблизительный русский эквивалент которого – Ну неужели не ясно? – популярно особенно среди молодежи, но мне приходилось слышать его и от людей достаточно солидных, например, бывшего госсекретаря США Джеймса Бейкера;
    •• FYI – for your information;
    •• IMO – in my opinion (вариант, популярный в молодежной среде – IMHO – in my humble opinion);
    •• IOW – in other words;
    •• OTOH – on the other hand;
    •• TTYL – talk to you later;
    •• WYSIWYG – what you see is what you get. Это выражение, которое впервые встретилось мне в 1972 году во время показа по телевидению знаменитой хоккейной серии СССР-Канада (плакат с этим лозунгом развернули на трибунах канадские болельщики), каждый понимает, наверное, немного по-своему. В данном случае оно значило что-то вроде Мы играем в открытую, а может быть Мы вам покажем. Иногда возможен и почти буквальный перевод: Что видишь, то имеешь. He’s not changed. I’ll argue that till death. What you see is what you get (губернатор штата Коннектикут Дж. Роуланд о президенте Дж.Буше, цитирую по «Нью-Йорк таймс») –...Он весь на виду. В последнее время сокращение WYSIWYG используется также для обозначения программ, позволяющих создавать страницы (сайты) в Интернете, не прибегая к кодированию. Кстати, это выражение не следует путать с as is – так говорят о товарах (часто с явными или скрытыми дефектами), которые продаются с большой скидкой, но без права покупателя предъявлять претензии ( complaints – см. статью претензия в русско-английской части словаря).
    •• Интересный класс сокращений – имена президентов США. Мне известно по крайней мере три таких сокращения:
    •• FDR – Franklin Delano Roosevelt и, соответственно, FDR Drive – шоссе имени Рузвельта (в Нью-Йорке);
    •• JFK – John Fitzgerald Kennedy и JFK Airport (в Нью-Йорке);
    •• LBJ – Lyndon Baines Johnson.
    •• При президенте Клинтоне некоторое распространение получили сокращения POTUS, VPOTUS и FLOTUS, соответственно President/Vice President/First Lady of the United States.
    •• Нынешнего президента Джорджа Буша (у нас принято называть его «младшим») в США именуют George W. Bush (его отец – просто George Bush, хотя официальное его имя – George H. W. Bush – George Herbert Walker Bush). В журналистике встречается упоминание его имени как W или фамильярное Dubya, например, в заголовке статьи в журнале Men’s Health: Dubya’s Sobering Up Strategy: Will It Work for You? – Подходит ли вам стратегия протрезвления «младшего»?
    •• Эпоха компьютеров и Интернета породила огромное количество сокращений, большинство из которых знакомы лишь «продвинутой» публике, однако некоторые надо знать:
    •• FAQ – frequently asked questions (специальная страница на многих сайтах, содержащая ответы на часто задаваемые вопросы);
    •• HTML – hypertext markup language (система кодирования для создания страниц в Интернете);
    •• ICQ – I seek you (специальный адрес для группового общения в Интернете);
    •• URL – uniform resource locator (унифицированная форма обозначения адресов).
    •• Сокращение ICQ особенно интересно, так как здесь мы имеем дело с так называемым meta-acronym – сокращением по фонетическому подобию. Раньше было известно, пожалуй, лишь одно такое сокращение: IOU ( I owe you) – долговая расписка, вексель. (Интересно, что похожее MOU – вполне обычное сокращение, которое расшифровывается memorandum of understanding – меморандум о договоренности/взаимопонимании.) В переписке по электронной почте встречается сокращение OIC – Oh I see.
    •• В виде одного из компонентов «фонетических псевдосокращений» может выступать цифра 2:
    •• B2B – business to business (деловые отношения «бизнес-бизнес»);
    •• B2C – business to consumer/customer («бизнес-клиент»).
    •• Сокращения с использованием цифр приобретают все большее распространение. Некоторые из них, строго говоря, сокращениями не являются, но условно их можно отнести к этой категории, например 20/20 (произносится twenty-twenty) – то же самое, что у нас окулисты называют единицей, т.е. идеальное зрение. Когда о человеке говорят He has the benefit of 20/20 hindsight, то имеют в виду, что он крепок задним умом.
    •• Похожее цифровое сокращение – 24/7 (произносится twenty-four seven). Смысл его ясен из рекламного лозунга телефонной компании: Sprint will be there for you 24/7 – «Спринт» всегда с вами – семь дней в неделю, двадцать четыре часа в сутки.
    •• Любому образованному американцу известно, что такое 101: например, History 101 – это начальный курс истории, читаемый первокурсникам (freshmen; второкурсники – sophomores; третьекурсники – juniors; четверокурсники – seniors) в американских университетах. В переносном смысле – азы.
    •• Некоммерческие организации, пожертвования в которые позволяют налогоплательщику уменьшить подлежащую обложению сумму своего дохода, называются в США 501 (c) 3 organizations – по нумерации соответствующей статьи законодательства (в устном переводе можно сказать просто благотворительная организация).
    •• Также от нумерации идет и сокращение 401 (k) – так называются индивидуальные сберегательные пенсионные счета с отложенной уплатой налога, открываемые работодателями для своих работников. Аналогичные счета, открываемые частными лицами, называются IRA – Individual Retirement Account (в совершенно ином контексте те же буквы обозначают Irish Republican Army – террористическую организацию Ирландская республиканская армия).
    •• К условной категории «цифровых сокращений» относится 1-800 number (произносится one eight hundred) – так называются специальные телефонные номера, по которым можно звонить бесплатно (они покупаются компаниями или организациями, заинтересованными в максимальном количестве обращений).
    •• Другое «телефонное сокращение» – 911 (произносится nine one one) – номер службы спасения (в США это, как правило, структурное подразделение полиции).
    •• Трагический день 11 сентября 2001 года в устной и письменной речи часто обозначается как 9/11 или 9-11 (произносится nine eleven).
    •• Номер 411 (произносится four one one) набирается в большинстве штатов при звонке в справочное бюро. В разговорной речи это словосочетание употребляется в смысле информация, сведения: Here’s the 411 on the fishing trip.
    •• Наконец, пресловутая компьютерная «проблема-2000», о которой так много говорили, а сейчас потихоньку забывают, обозначалась сокращением Y2K (буква Y в данном случае означает the year, а К – тысячу).
    •• Вошли в язык фактически на правах лексических единиц, понятных большинству, принятые Американской киноассоциацией категории кинофильмов, обозначающие их приемлемость для показа зрителям разных возрастов:
    •• G – General Audience. All ages admitted;
    •• PG – Parental guidance suggested. Some material may not be suitable for younger children;
    •• PG-13 – Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13;
    •• R – Restricted. Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian;
    •• NC-17 – No one 17 and under admitted.
    •• Эта добровольная, принятая в 1968 году классификация не включает фильмов, которые характеризуются как X-rated (синоним – porn). Кто-то хорошо сказал: «Я не знаю определения порнографии, но всегда узнаю́ ее, когда вижу». Производители подобной продукции не представляют ее на рассмотрение классификационной комиссии Американской киноассоциации и ее не показывают в обычных кинотеатрах. Интересно, что буква X не обязательно обозначает нечто неприличное. Так, Generation X (существует также вариант gen-x и gen-xers) – поколение Икс – это обозначение нового, «непонятного» поколения, вышедшего на арену в 1990-е годы (своего рода «племя младое, незнакомое»). The X-files - название известного кинофильма, переведенное у нас как «Секретные материалы». Здесь просматривается смысловой компонент «запретности», «ограниченного доступа», а в слове X-rays – рентгеновские лучи – скорее «новизны», недостаточной изученности.
    •• Значительно проще классификация кинофильмов, принятая в Соединенном Королевстве:
    •• U (в соседней Ирландии – Gen) – General release;
    •• 12 – Restricted to over-12s (в Ирландии 12PG – Under 12s admitted if accompanied by a parent or guardian);
    •• 15 – Restricted to over-15s (в Ирландии 15PG – Under 15s admitted if accompanied by a parent or guardian);
    •• 18 – Restricted to over-18s.
    •• В переводе категории киноклассификации следует давать латиницей с пояснением на русском языке (например, фильм категории PG-13 – «некоторые фрагменты нежелательно смотреть детям до 13 лет»).
    •• Несколько слов о так называемых emoticons – emotional icons. Они были придуманы на заре электронной почты, в 1979 году, Кевином Маккензи (Kevin MacKenzie) для обозначения на письме эмоций, выражения лица и т.п. Наиболее известные из них – :) и :( обозначают, соответственно, улыбку и недовольство. Список этих значков желающие могут найти, например, на сайте www.pb.org/emoticon.html. Иногда их заменяют буквенными сокращениями:
    •• <J> – joking;
    •• <L> – laughing;
    •• <S> – smiling;
    •• <Y> – yawning.
    •• И последнее. Сейчас в нашей печати и устной речи английские сокращения нередко даются латиницей без расшифровки и перевода, например NTSC, PAL – системы цветного телевидения, GSM – система мобильной телефонной связи, B-1, G-4 – виды американских въездных виз, www. – начальные буквы адресов в Интернете и многие другие. Это, однако, не освобождает переводчика от необходимости внимательно следить за возникающими сокращениями. Скорее наоборот. Ведь если вы «не в курсе», то рискуете не только не понять, но даже не услышать сокращение, которое будет восприниматься как своего рода фонетический шум.
    •• * Акронимы, порождаемые во все большем количестве самим темпом нынешней жизни, являются законным предметом лексикографической дискуссии. Например, должны ли отражаться в словарях сокращения, содержащие фонетически читаемые числительные? Есть мнение, что сокращение gr8 ( great) – это просто «выпендреж». Вот что пишет одна из моих корреспонденток: «Есть большая разница между B2B (business-to-business) и gr8. В первом случае создан новый термин, в духе интернетовской лапидарности, а gr8 никакого оправдания, по-моему, не имеет. Просто сор. Упаси Бог от расширения применения таких окказиональных акронимов и их утверждения в языке: в истории письменности была уже революция, связанная с использованием пиктограмм как символов алфавита. Зачем нужна новая (фактически обратная) – непонятно». Уточнение другого корреспондента: «Такой “сор”, как gr8, возник благодаря “услуге обмена короткими сообщениями” (SMS) между мобильными телефонами».
    •• И довольно информативное возражение (благодарю автора, выступающего на сайте www.lingvoda.ru под псевдонимом vtora, за это сообщение и многие другие интересные комментарии и замечания): «Подростки с сотовыми телефонами, так называемое Thumb-Generation, т. е. поколение с гиперразвитыми от постоянного клацанья по сотовому большими пальцами, через десять-пятнадцать лет станут CEOs, журналистами, преподавателями, лексикографами и т.д. Часть из них не откажется от SMS-языка, поэтому я не советую игнорировать это явление. Вот сочинение на тему «Как я провел лето» с переводом на BBC English:
    •• My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3:-\@ kds FTF. ILNY, its gr8.
    •• Bt my Ps wr so:-/BC o 9/11 tht they dcdd 2 stay in SCO & spnd 2wks up N.
    •• Up N, WUCIWUG – 0. I ws vvv brd in MON. 0 bt baas & ^^^^.
    •• AAR8, my Ps wr:-) – they sd ICBW, & tht they wr ha-p 4 the pc&qt...IDTS!! I wntd 2 go hm ASAP, 2C my M8s again.
    •• 2day, I cam bk 2 skool. I feel v O:-) BC I hv dn all my hm wrk. Now its BAU
    •• Here’s the translation:
    •• My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York, it’s a great place.
    •• But my parents were so worried because of the terrorism attack on September 11 that they decided we would stay in Scotland and spend two weeks up north.
    •• Up north, what you see is what you get – nothing. I was extremely bored in the middle of nowhere. Nothing but sheep and mountains.
    •• At any rate, my parents were happy. They said that it could be worse, and that they were happy with the peace and quiet. I don’t think so! I wanted to go home as soon as possible, to see my friends again.
    •• Today I came back to school. I feel very saintly because I have done all my homework. Now it’s business as usual.
    •• Должен сказать, что мне удалось правильно расшифровать почти все, за исключением IDTS!, который я принял за Idiots!
    •• По сообщению Daily Telegraph, в новом издании Collins English Dictionary есть следующие сокращения:
    •• A3 means anytime, anywhere, any place; ATB, all the best; BBL, be back later; HAND, have a nice day; KISS, keep it simple, stupid; and IYKWIMAITYD, if you know what I mean and I think you do. GAL, incidentally, translates as get a life.
    •• Недавно по экранам прошло два фильма с подобными акронимами – 2 Fast 2 Furious (с нехитрым «дубль-антандром» – в фильме два главных героя) и известный у нас фильм Л. Мудисона Lilya 4-Ever. Налицо тенденция, набирающая силу.
    •• Конечно, SMS – не единственный источник новых сокращений. Их генераторами продолжают являться такие сферы, как политика, война, бюрократия и т.д. Многие из них входят в язык и должны отражаться в словарях.
    •• Вот, например, цитата из более чем респектабельного New York Review of Books:
    •• The Coalition Media Center, at the Saliyah military base in Doha, Qatar, seems designed to be as annoying and inconvenient as possible for reporters. To get there from the center of town, you have to take a half-hour ride through a baking, barren expanse of desert. At the gate, you have to submit your electronic equipment to a K-9 search, your bags to inspection, and your body to an X-ray scan.
    •• K-9 search – обыск с собаками ( canine search). Сразу можно и не догадаться. (Мне сообщили, что K-9 обязан своей популяризацией одноименному фильму с Дж. Белуши и немецкой овчаркой.)
    •• Интересное сообщение одного из моих корреспондентов: «Видел карикатуру в журнале New Yorker: в легковом автомобиле едет Годзилла, на заднем плане дымящиеся развалины небоскребов. Номерной знак на машине: “I 8 NY”. Еще есть нефтеперерабатывающая компания Q8. Угадайте откуда». Для недогадливых: I ate New York и Kuwait.
    •• Еще одно сокращение стало актуальным в связи с иракской войной. Судя по статье в New York Times, оно пока не всем известно:
    •• A few days ago I talked to a soldier just back from Iraq. He’d been in a relatively calm area; his main complaint was about food. Four months after the fall of Baghdad, his unit was still eating the dreaded M.R.E.’s: meals ready to eat. When Italian troops moved into the area, their food was “ way more realistic” - and American troops were soon trading whatever they could for some of that Italian food.
    •• Забавно здесь и сказанное о еде way more realistic, т.е. гораздо больше похоже на настоящую/реальную еду. Комментарий моего активного корреспондента (псевдоним Red Threat): «Американцы в шутку расшифровывают MRE как Meals Refused by Ethiopians. Насчет того, что они dreaded, – сказки, просто американцы малость закушались. Лично доводилось умять не одну упаковку – вполне съедобно, пусть и не “обеды, как у мамы”».
    •• Официальное американское название «войны с терроризмом» – global war on terrorism, и нередко в текстах это сокращение появляется без предварительной или последующей расшифровки. Так, в одной из статей в журнале Weekly Standard цитируется официальный доклад о Китае:
    •• Although most Chinese observers believe the U.S. force posture post-September 11 is based on a legitimate need to prosecute the GWOT, many remain suspicious and have implied that the ‘real’ U.S. intentions behind the realignment will not be known until the GWOT is more or less over.
    •• Напоминает нашу ВОВ ( Великую Отечественную войну) – сокращение, которое многих коробит. Еще из этого репертуара – GITMO ( Guantanamo) – строго говоря, не сокращение, а условный акроним, как, скажем, LAX ( аэропорт Лос-Анджелес). Наконец, часто встречается AQ ( Al Qaeda).
    •• А вот еще одно сокращение, встречающееся без расшифровки и не всем известное, – FUBAR. Цитата из журнала Atlantic:
    •• I never failed to be impressed by the notion that old-fashioned morality – inflexible and unforgiving – is sufficient unto any FUBAR situation human beings can dream up.
    •• Расшифровку найти было нетрудно: f( ucked) u(p) b( eyond) a(ll) r( ecognition), равно как и определение: utterly botched or confused (оба – из American Heritage Dictionary). Словари дают и другие расшифровки (часто с пометой polite): fouled up beyond all reason/ recognition/ recovery/ reality. Происхождение сокращения (как и аналогичного SNAFU – situation normal all fouled up) – военное: ( WWII military slang) Fucked up beyond all recognition ( or repair). В переводе приведенного примера, как мне кажется, нет особой необходимости искать что-нибудь аналогичное, с военным оттенком. Вариант:
    •• Мне всегда казалась удивительной идея, что старомодной нравственности – никому не уступающей и ничего не прощающей – вполне достаточно, чтобы найти выход из любой, даже самой идиотской/дикой ситуации, в которой может оказаться человек.
    •• Свежий пример акронима, порожденного политической борьбой, – RINO. Расшифровка и определение – в статье из журнала Time:
    •• Republican Senator Arlen Specter, who has angered conservatives by opposing big tax cuts and being pro-choice, now has the “ RINO hunters” on his trail. RINO stands for “ Republicans in Name Only” - meaning moderate Republicans, who are the target of a zealous but increasingly potent group of conservatives called the Club for Growth. <...> “If we’re going to be a major political force,” says club president Stephen Moore, “we have to defeat one of the incumbent RINOs.”
    •• То есть республиканцы только на словах.
    •• Помимо отмеченных в «Моем несистематическом словаре» POTUS и FLOTUS встречается (без расшифровки) также SOTU – the State of the Union ( address). Пример из журнала Atlantic:
    •• Within the confines of a SOTU address, something for everyone is the traditional way to go. <...> Each of the President’s SOTU addresses has included a surprise element.
    •• Первое предложение так и хочется перевести:
    •• В посланиях президента « О положении страны» традиционным является принцип «всем сестрам – по серьгам».
    •• Следует добавить в словари и сравнительно новую расшифровку PC – political correctness ( politically correct), часто встречающуюся в публицистике:
    •• From the mouth of a liberal politician, this list of religious symbols might be criticized as PC-style multiculturalism. (Atlantic) - Прозвучи этот перечень религиозных символов из уст политика-либерала, его стали бы ругать за проповедь культурного многообразия в духе политкорректности.
    •• Еще одно дополнение к «Несистематическому»: читая книгу Сузанны Мур In the Cut, я обнаружил, что упущен 900 number. Вот цитата, из которой ясно значение:
    •• Before his death Gacy’s voice could be heard on a 900-number by anyone interested enough to pay three dollars a minute to hear Gacy explain that he didn’t kill those boys. (Чаще пишут без дефиса.)
    •• Эти номера называют pay-per-call numbers (номера, звонок на который оплачивается). Не знаю, есть ли краткий русский эквивалент. Полезная информация о нюансах этой системы на сайте Федеральной комиссии по связи: http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/900Fact.html.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > acronyms (new and funny)

  • 10 for

    1. preposition
    1) (representing, on behalf of, in exchange against) für; (in place of) für; anstelle von

    what is the German for "buzz"? — wie heißt "buzz" auf Deutsch?

    2) (in defence, support, or favour of) für

    be for doing something — dafür sein, etwas zu tun

    it's each [man] or every man for himself — jeder ist auf sich selbst gestellt

    3) (to the benefit of) für
    4) (with a view to) für; (conducive[ly] to) zu

    they invited me for Christmas/Monday/supper — sie haben mich zu Weihnachten/für Montag/zum Abendessen eingeladen

    what is it for? — wofür/wozu ist das?

    5) (being the motive of) für; (having as purpose) zu

    take somebody for a ride in the car/a walk — jemanden im Auto spazieren fahren/mit jemandem einen Spaziergang machen

    work for a living — für den Lebensunterhalt arbeiten

    run/jump etc. for it — loslaufen/-springen usw.

    7) (to reach) nach

    set out for England/the north/an island — nach England/Norden/zu einer Insel aufbrechen

    8) (to be received by) für

    that's Jim for you — das sieht Jim mal wieder ähnlich

    be dressed/ready for dinner — zum Dinner angezogen/fertig sein

    have something for breakfast/pudding — etwas zum Frühstück/Nachtisch haben

    enough... for — genug... für

    too... for — zu... für

    there is nothing for it but to do something — es gibt keine andere Möglichkeit, als etwas zu tun

    10) (to the amount of)

    cheque/ bill for £5 — Scheck/Rechnung über od. in Höhe von 5 Pfund

    things don't look very promising for the business — was die Geschäfte angeht, sieht das alles nicht sehr vielversprechend aus

    it is wise/advisable for somebody to do something — es ist vernünftig/ratsam, dass jemand etwas tut

    it's hopeless for me to try and explain the system — es ist sinnlos, dir das System erklären zu wollen

    12) (as being) für

    I/you etc. for one — ich/ du usw. für mein[en]/dein[en] usw. Teil

    famous/well-known for something — berühmt/ bekannt wegen od. für etwas

    jump/ shout for joy — vor Freude in die Luft springen/schreien

    were it not for you/ your help, I should not be able to do it — ohne dich/deine Hilfe wäre ich nicht dazu in der Lage

    for all... — trotz...

    for all that,... — trotzdem...

    16) (on account of the hindrance of) vor (+ Dat.)

    for fear of... — aus Angst vor (+ Dat.)

    but for..., except for... — wenn nicht... gewesen wäre, [dann]...

    17) (so far as concerns)

    for all I know/care... — möglicherweise/was mich betrifft,...

    for one thing,... — zunächst einmal...

    18) (considering the usual nature of) für
    19) (during) seit

    we've/we haven't been here for three years — wir sind seit drei Jahren hier/nicht mehr hier gewesen

    we waited for hours/three hours — wir warteten stundenlang/drei Stunden lang

    sit here for now or for the moment — bleiben Sie im Augenblick hier sitzen

    20) (to the extent of)

    walk for 20 miles/for another 20 miles — 20 Meilen [weit] gehen/weiter gehen

    21)

    be for it — (coll.) dran sein (ugs.); sich auf was gefasst machen können (ugs.)

    2. conjunction
    (since, as proof) denn
    * * *
    [fo:] 1. preposition
    1) (to be given or sent to: This letter is for you.) für
    2) (towards; in the direction of: We set off for London.) nach
    3) (through a certain time or distance: for three hours; for three miles.) für
    4) (in order to have, get, be etc: He asked me for some money; Go for a walk.) nach
    5) (in return; as payment: He paid $2 for his ticket.) für
    6) (in order to be prepared: He's getting ready for the journey.) für
    7) (representing: He is the member of parliament for Hull.) für
    8) (on behalf of: Will you do it for me?)
    9) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) dafür
    10) (because of: for this reason.) wegen, aus
    11) (having a particular purpose: She gave me money for the bus fare.) für
    12) (indicating an ability or an attitude to: a talent for baking; an ear for music.) für
    13) (as being: They mistook him for someone else.) für
    14) (considering what is used in the case of: It is quite warm for January (= considering that it is January when it is usually cold).) für
    15) (in spite of: For all his money, he didn't seem happy.) trotz
    2. conjunction
    (because: It must be late, for I have been here a long time.) denn
    * * *
    [fɔ:ʳ, fəʳ, AM fɔ:r, fɚ]
    I. conj ( liter or dated) denn
    II. prep
    1. (intended to be given to) für + akk
    I bought a new collar \for my dog ich habe ein neues Halsband für meinen Hund gekauft
    this is a birthday present \for you hier ist ein Geburtstagsgeschenk für dich
    there are government subsidies available \for farmers für Bauern gibt es Zuschüsse vom Staat
    to vote \for sb/sth für jdn/etw stimmen
    they voted \for independence in a referendum sie haben sich in einem Referendum für die Unabhängigkeit ausgesprochen
    ▪ to be \for sb/sth für jdn/etw sein
    his followers are still \for him seine Anhänger unterstützen ihn noch immer
    to be \for a good cause für einen guten Zweck sein
    to be all \for sth ganz für etw akk sein
    to be \for doing sth dafür sein, dass etw getan wird
    are you \for banning smoking in public places? sind Sie dafür, das Rauchen in der Öffentlichkeit zu verbieten?
    3. (regarding sb) für + akk
    I'm happy \for you that it finally worked out ich freue mich für dich, dass es endlich geklappt hat
    you're not making it easy \for me to tell you the truth du machst es mir nicht gerade einfach, dir die Wahrheit zu sagen
    the coffee was too strong \for me der Kaffee war mir zu stark
    luckily \for me, I already had another job zu meinem Glück hatte ich bereits eine andere Stelle
    the admiration she felt \for him soon died ihre Bewunderung für ihn war schnell verflogen
    is this seat high enough \for you? ist Ihnen dieser Sitz hoch genug?
    I feel sorry \for her sie tut mir leid
    to feel nothing but contempt \for sb/sth nichts als Verachtung für jdn/etw empfinden
    ▪ to be concerned \for sb/sth um jdn/etw besorgt sein
    to feel \for sb mit jdm fühlen
    as \for me was mich betrifft [o angeht]
    Jackie's already left and, as \for me, I'm going at the end of the month Jackie ist schon weg, und was mich angeht, ich gehe Ende des Monats
    4. (regarding sth) für + akk
    how are you doing \for money? wie sieht es bei dir mit dem Geld aus?
    \for my part was mich betrifft
    \for all I know möglicherweise
    \for all I know, he could have left the country möglicherweise hat er schon das Land verlassen
    to be responsible \for sth für etw akk verantwortlich sein
    to prepare \for sth sich akk auf etw akk vorbereiten
    5. (comparing) für + akk
    the summer has been quite hot \for England für England war das ein ziemlich heißer Sommer
    ▪ to be too big/fast \for sb/sth zu groß/schnell für jdn/etw sein
    she's very mature \for her age sie ist für ihr Alter schon sehr reif
    the weather is warm \for the time of year für diese Jahreszeit ist das Wetter mild
    he's quite thoughtful \for a child of 8 für einen Achtjährigen ist er ziemlich rücksichtsvoll
    6. (to get, have)
    oh \for something to drink! hätte ich doch bloß etwas zu trinken!
    oh \for a strong black coffee! und jetzt einen starken schwarzen Kaffee!
    he did it \for the fame er tat es, um berühmt zu werden
    even though he's in this \for the money, we still need him auch wenn er es nur wegen des Geldes tut, wir brauchen ihn
    she's eager \for a chance to show that she's a capable worker sie möchte gerne beweisen, dass sie eine fähige Mitarbeiterin ist
    demand \for money Bedarf m an Geld
    to send \for the doctor den Arzt holen
    to apply \for a job sich akk um eine Stelle bewerben
    to have a need \for sth etw brauchen
    to look \for a way to do sth nach einer Möglichkeit suchen, etw zu tun
    to ask \for sth um etw akk bitten
    7. (on behalf of, representing) für + akk
    he's an agent \for models and actors er ist Agent für Models und Schauspieler
    next time you see them, say hi \for me grüß sie von mir, wenn du sie wieder siehst
    the messenger was there \for his boss der Bote war in Vertretung seines Chefs dort
    to do sth \for sb etw für jdn tun
    to do sth \for oneself etw selbst tun
    8. (as ordered by) für + akk
    ▪ to do sth \for sb/sth etw für jdn/etw tun
    they had to do extra work \for their boss sie mussten noch zusätzliche Arbeiten für ihren Chef erledigen
    I have some things to do \for school ich muss noch etwas für die Schule machen
    9. (employed by) bei + dat
    she is a tutor \for the Open University sie ist Tutorin an der Fernuniversität
    to work \for sb/sth bei jdm/etw [o für jdn/etw] arbeiten
    10. (purpose, aim) für + akk
    what's that \for? wofür ist das?
    that's useful \for removing rust damit kann man gut Rost entfernen
    that's not \for eating das ist nicht zum Essen
    a course \for beginners in Russian ein Russischkurs für Anfänger
    \for your information zu Ihrer Information
    \for the record der Ordnung halber
    the spokesman told the press \for the record that the president was in good health der Sprecher sagte der Presse für das Protokoll, der Präsident sei bei guter Gesundheit
    for rent/sale zu vermieten/verkaufen
    bikes \for rent Räder zu vermieten
    to be not \for sale unverkäuflich sein
    to wait \for sb/sth auf jdn/etw warten
    to wait \for sb to do sth darauf warten, dass jd etw tut
    ▪ to do sth \for sth/sb etw für etw/jdn tun
    what did you do that \for? wozu hast du das getan?
    what do you use these enormous scissors \for? wozu brauchst du diese riesige Schere?
    he is taking medication \for his heart condition er nimmt Medikamente für sein Herz
    you need to move closer \for me to hear you du musst ein bisschen näher herkommen, damit ich dich hören kann
    11. (because of) wegen + gen; (out of) aus + dat; (with) vor + dat
    I don't eat meat \for various reasons ich esse aus verschiedenen Gründen kein Fleisch
    I could dance and sing \for joy! ich könnte vor Freude tanzen und singen!
    he apologized \for being late er entschuldigte sich wegen seiner Verspätung
    Bob was looking all the better \for his three weeks in Spain nach seinen drei Wochen Spanien sah Bob viel besser aus
    how are you? — fine, and all the better \for seeing you! wie geht's? — gut, und jetzt wo ich dich sehe, gleich noch viel besser!
    I could not see \for the tears in my eyes ich konnte vor Tränen in den Augen gar nicht sehen
    if it hadn't been \for him, we wouldn't be here right now ( form) ohne ihn wären wir jetzt nicht hier
    \for fear of sth aus Angst vor etw dat
    \for lack of sth aus Mangel an etw dat
    to be arrested \for murder wegen Mordes verhaftet werden
    \for that [or this] reason aus diesem Grund
    to be famous \for sth für etw akk berühmt sein
    to love sb \for sth jdn für etw akk lieben
    she loves him just \for being himself sie liebt ihn einfach dafür, dass er so ist, wie er ist
    12. (as destination) nach + dat
    this train is \for Birmingham dieser Zug fährt nach Birmingham
    he made \for home in a hurry er eilte schnell nach Hause
    just follow signs \for the town centre folgen Sie einfach den Schildern in die Innenstadt
    to go \for sb [with one's fists] [mit den Fäusten] auf jdn losgehen
    to run \for sb/sth zu jdm/etw laufen
    I had to run \for the bus ich musste laufen, um den Bus noch zu kriegen
    13. (meaning)
    to be \for sth für etw akk stehen
    A is \for ‘airlines’ A steht für ‚Airlines‘
    to stand \for sth etw bedeuten, für etw akk stehen
    what does the M.J. stand \for? María José? was bedeutet M.J.? María José?
    what's the Spanish word \for ‘vegetarian’? was heißt ‚Vegetarier‘ auf Spanisch?
    14. (in return, exchange) für + akk
    she paid a high price \for loyalty to her boss sie hat einen hohen Preis für die Loyalität zu ihrem Chef gezahlt
    that's \for cheating on me! das ist dafür, dass du mich betrogen hast!
    how much did you pay \for your glasses? wie viel hast du für deine Brille gezahlt?
    a cheque \for £100 eine Scheck über 100 Pfund
    not \for a million dollars [or \for all the world] um nichts in der Welt
    I wouldn't go out with him \for a million dollars ich würde für kein Geld der Welt mit ihm ausgehen
    to do sth \for nothing etw umsonst machen
    to buy/sell sth \for 100 euro/a lot of money etw für 100 Euro/viel Geld kaufen/verkaufen
    you can buy a bestseller \for about £6 Sie bekommen einen Bestseller schon für 6 Pfund
    to trade sth \for sth etw gegen etw akk [ein]tauschen
    15. (with a period of time) für + akk; (ongoing) seit + dat
    I'm just going to sleep \for half an hour ich lege mich mal eine halbe Stunde schlafen
    he was jailed \for twelve years er musste für zwölf Jahre ins Gefängnis
    my father has been smoking \for 10 years mein Vater raucht seit 10 Jahren
    \for the next two days in den beiden nächsten Tagen
    \for a bit/while ein bisschen/eine Weile
    play here \for a while! spiel doch mal ein bisschen hier!
    I'm just going out \for a while ich gehe mal kurz raus fam
    \for eternity/ever bis in alle Ewigkeit
    this pact is \for ever dieser Pakt gilt für immer und ewig
    \for the moment im Augenblick
    \for a time eine Zeit lang
    \for a long time seit Langem
    I hadn't seen him \for such a long time that I didn't recognize him ich hatte ihn schon so lange nicht mehr gesehen, dass ich ihn nicht erkannte
    \for some time seit Längerem
    \for the time being für den Augenblick, vorübergehend
    16. (a distance of)
    \for a kilometre/mile einen Kilometer/eine Meile
    he always jogs \for 5 kilometres before breakfast er joggt immer 5 Kilometer vor dem Frühstück
    17. (at a certain date, time, occasion) für + akk
    he booked a table at the restaurant \for nine o'clock er reservierte in dem Restaurant einen Tisch für neun Uhr
    they set their wedding date \for September 15 sie setzten ihre Hochzeit für den 15. September fest
    I need some money \for tonight ich brauche etwas Geld für heute Abend
    what did you buy him \for Christmas? was hast du ihm zu Weihnachten gekauft?
    he arrived at 8.00 \for dinner at 8.30 er kam um acht zu dem für halb neun verabredeten Abendessen
    to invite sb \for dinner/lunch jdn zum Abendessen/Mittagessen einladen
    \for the first time zum ersten Mal
    \for the [very] last time zum [aller]letzten Mal
    \for the first/second time running im ersten/zweiten Durchlauf
    18. (despite) trotz + gen
    , ungeachtet +gen geh
    \for all that trotz alledem
    \for all his effort, the experiment was a failure das Experiment war trotz all seiner Anstrengungen ein Fehlschlag
    19. (per) für + akk
    there is one teacher \for every 25 students in our school in unserer Schule kommt auf 25 Schüler ein Lehrer
    \for every cigarette you smoke, you take off one day of your life mit jeder Zigarette, die du rauchst, verkürzt sich dein Leben um einen Tag
    to repeat sth word \for word etw Wort für Wort wiederholen
    20. (the duty of)
    ▪ to [not] be \for sb to do sth [nicht] jds Sache sein, etw zu tun
    it's not \for me to tell her what to do es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, ihr vorzuschreiben, was sie zu tun hat
    the decision is not \for him to make die Entscheidung liegt nicht bei ihm
    21. (as) für + akk
    she thought it \for a lie but didn't say anything sie hielt es für gelogen, sagte aber nichts
    I \for one am sick of this bickering ich für meinen Teil habe genug von diesem Gezänk
    22.
    ▶ \for Africa SA ( fam) Unmengen + gen
    I've got homework \for Africa ich habe noch jede Menge Hausaufgaben fam
    ▶ to be [in] \for it ( fam) Schwierigkeiten bekommen
    you're in \for it! jetzt bist du dran! fam
    ▶ \for crying out loud um Himmels willen
    ▶ an eye \for an eye Auge um Auge
    ▶ that's Jane/Mark/etc. \for you so ist Jane/Mark/etc. eben!, das sieht Jane/Mark/etc. mal wieder ähnlich!, das ist wieder mal typisch für Jane/Mark/etc.!
    that's children \for you! so sind Kinder eben!
    ▶ that's/there's sth \for you ( pej)
    there's gratitude \for you! und so was nennt sich Dankbarkeit! fam
    there's manners \for you! das sind [mir] ja schöne Manieren! iron fam
    * * *
    I [fɔː(r)]
    1. prep
    1) (intention) für; (purpose) zu, für; (destination) nach

    clothes for children — Kleidung f für Kinder, Kinderkleidung f

    what for? — wofür?, wozu?

    what did you do that for? —

    a room for working in/sewing — ein Zimmer zum Arbeiten/Nähen

    a bag for carrying books (in) — eine Tasche, um Bücher zu tragen

    fit for nothing —

    ready for anything —

    this will do for a hammer — das kann man als Hammer nehmen

    to leave for the USA — in die USA or nach Amerika abreisen

    he swam for the shore — er schwamm auf die Küste zu, er schwamm in Richtung Küste

    2)

    (indicating suitability) it's not for you to ask questions — Sie haben kein Recht, Fragen zu stellen

    it's not for me to say — es steht mir nicht zu, mich dazu zu äußern

    3)

    (= representing, instead of) I'll speak to her for you if you like —

    I need someone to make up my mind for me — ich brauche jemanden, der die Entscheidung für mich trifft

    she works for a bank (in the bank) — sie arbeitet bei or in einer Bank; (outside the bank) sie arbeitet für eine Bank

    4) (= in defence, in favour of) für

    I'm all for it — ich bin ganz or sehr dafür

    I'm all for helping him —

    5)

    (= with regard to) anxious for sb — um jdn besorgt

    as for him/that — was ihn/das betrifft

    warm/cold for the time of year — warm/kalt für die Jahreszeit

    6) (= because of) aus

    he did it for fear of being left — er tat es aus Angst, zurückgelassen zu werden

    he is famous for his jokes/his big nose — er ist für seine Witze bekannt/wegen seiner großen Nase berühmt

    do it for me — tu es für mich

    7) (= in spite of) trotz (+gen or (inf) +dat)

    for all that, you should have warned me — Sie hätten mich trotz allem warnen sollen

    8) (= in exchange) für

    to pay four euros for a ticket — vier Euro für eine Fahrkarte zahlen

    he'll do it for ten pounds —

    9)

    (= in contrast) for every job that is created, two are lost — für jede Stelle, die neu geschaffen wird, gehen zwei verloren

    10) (in time) seit; (with future tense) für

    I had/have known her for years — ich kannte/kenne sie schon seit Jahren

    he won't be back for a week — er wird erst in einer Woche zurück sein

    can you get it done for Monday/this time next week? — können Sie es bis or für Montag/bis in einer Woche fertig haben?

    for a while/time — (für) eine Weile/einige Zeit

    11)

    (distance) the road is lined with trees for two miles — die Straße ist auf or über zwei Meilen mit Bäumen gesäumt

    12)

    (with verbs) to pray for peace — für den or um Frieden beten

    See:
    → vbs
    13) (after n: indicating liking, aptitude etc) für

    his knack for saying the wrong thing — sein Talent, das Falsche zu sagen

    14)

    (with infin clauses) for this to be possible — damit dies möglich wird

    it's easy for him to do it — für ihn ist es leicht, das zu tun, er kann das leicht tun

    I brought it for you to see — ich habe es mitgebracht, damit Sie es sich (dat) ansehen können

    the best thing would be for you to leave — das Beste wäre, wenn Sie weggingen

    their one hope is for him to return — ihre einzige Hoffnung ist, dass er zurückkommt

    15)

    (phrases) to do sth for oneself — etw alleine tun

    2. conj
    denn
    3. adj pred
    (= in favour) dafür

    17 were for, 13 against — 17 waren dafür, 13 dagegen

    II abbr frei Bahn
    * * *
    for [fɔː(r); unbetont fə(r)]
    A präp
    1. allg für:
    it was very awkward for her es war sehr peinlich für sie, es war ihr sehr unangenehm;
    he spoilt their holidays (bes US vacation) for them er verdarb ihnen den ganzen Urlaub;
    she brought a letter for me to sign sie brachte mir einen Brief zur Unterschrift
    2. für, zugunsten von:
    a gift for him ein Geschenk für ihn;
    this letter is for me dieser Brief ist an mich;
    for and against für und wider; → academic.ru/69264/speak_for">speak for 1
    3. für, (mit der Absicht) zu, um (… willen):
    apply for the post sich um die Stellung bewerben;
    die for a cause für eine Sache sterben;
    come for dinner zum Essen kommen
    4. (Wunsch, Ziel) nach, auf (akk):
    a claim for sth ein Anspruch auf eine Sache;
    the desire for sth der Wunsch oder das Verlangen nach etwas;
    call for sb nach jemandem rufen;
    wait for sth auf etwas warten;
    oh, for a car! ach, hätte ich doch nur ein Auto!
    b) (bestimmt) für oder zu:
    tools for cutting Werkzeuge zum Schneiden, Schneidewerkzeuge;
    the right man for the job der richtige Mann für diesen Posten
    6. (Mittel) gegen:
    treat sb for cancer jemanden gegen oder auf Krebs behandeln;
    there is nothing for it but to give in es bleibt nichts (anderes) übrig, als nachzugeben
    8. (als Entgelt) für, gegen, um:
    I sold it for £10 ich verkaufte es für 10 Pfund
    9. (im Tausch) für, gegen:
    10. (Betrag, Menge) über (akk):
    a postal order for £2
    11. (Grund) aus, vor (dat), wegen:
    for this reason aus diesem Grund;
    die for grief aus oder vor Gram sterben;
    weep for joy aus oder vor Freude weinen;
    I can’t see for the fog ich kann nichts sehen wegen des Nebels oder vor lauter Nebel;
    she couldn’t speak for laughing sie konnte vor (lauter) Lachen nicht sprechen
    12. (als Strafe etc) für, wegen:
    13. dank, wegen:
    were it not for his energy wenn er nicht so energisch wäre, dank seiner Energie;
    if it wasn’t for him wenn er nicht wäre, ohne ihn; he would never have done it, if it hadn’t been for me talking him into it wenn ich ihn nicht dazu überredet hätte
    14. für, in Anbetracht (gen), im Hinblick auf (akk), im Verhältnis zu:
    he is tall for his age er ist groß für sein Alter;
    it is rather cold for July es ist ziemlich kalt für Juli;
    for a foreigner he speaks English fairly well für einen Ausländer spricht er recht gut Englisch
    15. (Begabung, Neigung) für, (Hang) zu:
    an eye for beauty Sinn für das Schöne
    16. (zeitlich) für, während, auf (akk), für die Dauer von, seit:
    for a week eine Woche (lang);
    come for a week komme auf oder für eine Woche;
    for hours stundenlang;
    for a ( oder some) time past seit längerer Zeit;
    for a long time past schon seit Langem;
    not for a long time noch lange nicht;
    the first picture for two months der erste Film in oder seit zwei Monaten;
    for months ahead auf Monate (hinaus)
    17. (Strecke) weit, lang:
    run for a mile eine Meile (weit) laufen
    18. nach, auf (akk), in Richtung auf (akk):
    the train for London der Zug nach London;
    the passengers for Rome die nach Rom reisenden Passagiere;
    start for Paris nach Paris abreisen;
    now for it! Br umg jetzt (nichts wie) los oder drauf!, jetzt gilt’s!
    19. für, anstelle von (oder gen), (an)statt:
    20. für, in Vertretung oder im Auftrag oder im Namen von (oder gen):
    act for sb in jemandes Auftrag handeln
    21. für, als:
    books for presents Bücher als Geschenk;
    they were sold for slaves sie wurden als Sklaven verkauft;
    take that for an answer nimm das als Antwort
    22. trotz (gen oder dat), ungeachtet (gen):
    for all that trotz alledem;
    for all his wealth trotz seines ganzen Reichtums, bei allem Reichtum;
    for all you may say sage, was du willst
    23. as for was … betrifft:
    as for me was mich betrifft oder an(be)langt;
    as for that matter was das betrifft;
    for all I know soviel ich weiß;
    for all of me meinetwegen, von mir aus
    24. nach adj und vor inf:
    it is too heavy for me to lift es ist so schwer, dass ich es nicht heben kann;
    it is impossible for me to come es ist mir unmöglich zu kommen, ich kann unmöglich kommen;
    it seemed useless for me to continue es erschien mir sinnlos, noch weiterzumachen
    25. mit s oder pron und inf:
    it is time for you to go home es ist Zeit, dass du heimgehst; es ist Zeit für dich heimzugehen;
    it is for you to decide die Entscheidung liegt bei Ihnen;
    a) es ist nicht deine Sache zu inf,
    b) es steht dir nicht zu inf;
    he called for the girl to bring him some tea er rief nach dem Mädchen und bat es, ihm Tee zu bringen;
    don’t wait for him to turn up yet wartet nicht darauf, dass er noch auftaucht;
    there is no need for anyone to know es braucht niemand zu wissen
    that’s a wine for you das ist vielleicht ein Weinchen, das nenne ich einen Wein
    27. US nach:
    B konj denn, weil, nämlich
    * * *
    1. preposition
    1) (representing, on behalf of, in exchange against) für; (in place of) für; anstelle von

    what is the German for "buzz"? — wie heißt "buzz" auf Deutsch?

    2) (in defence, support, or favour of) für

    be for doing something — dafür sein, etwas zu tun

    it's each [man] or every man for himself — jeder ist auf sich selbst gestellt

    4) (with a view to) für; (conducive[ly] to) zu

    they invited me for Christmas/Monday/supper — sie haben mich zu Weihnachten/für Montag/zum Abendessen eingeladen

    what is it for? — wofür/wozu ist das?

    6) (to obtain, win, save)

    take somebody for a ride in the car/a walk — jemanden im Auto spazieren fahren/mit jemandem einen Spaziergang machen

    run/jump etc. for it — loslaufen/-springen usw.

    7) (to reach) nach

    set out for England/the north/an island — nach England/Norden/zu einer Insel aufbrechen

    be dressed/ready for dinner — zum Dinner angezogen/fertig sein

    have something for breakfast/pudding — etwas zum Frühstück/Nachtisch haben

    enough... for — genug... für

    too... for — zu... für

    there is nothing for it but to do something — es gibt keine andere Möglichkeit, als etwas zu tun

    cheque/ bill for £5 — Scheck/Rechnung über od. in Höhe von 5 Pfund

    11) (to affect, as if affecting) für

    things don't look very promising for the business — was die Geschäfte angeht, sieht das alles nicht sehr vielversprechend aus

    it is wise/advisable for somebody to do something — es ist vernünftig/ratsam, dass jemand etwas tut

    it's hopeless for me to try and explain the system — es ist sinnlos, dir das System erklären zu wollen

    12) (as being) für

    I/you etc. for one — ich/ du usw. für mein[en]/dein[en] usw. Teil

    13) (on account of, as penalty of) wegen

    famous/well-known for something — berühmt/ bekannt wegen od. für etwas

    jump/ shout for joy — vor Freude in die Luft springen/schreien

    were it not for you/ your help, I should not be able to do it — ohne dich/deine Hilfe wäre ich nicht dazu in der Lage

    for all... — trotz...

    for all that,... — trotzdem...

    for fear of... — aus Angst vor (+ Dat.)

    but for..., except for... — wenn nicht... gewesen wäre, [dann]...

    for all I know/care... — möglicherweise/was mich betrifft,...

    for one thing,... — zunächst einmal...

    19) (during) seit

    we've/we haven't been here for three years — wir sind seit drei Jahren hier/nicht mehr hier gewesen

    we waited for hours/three hours — wir warteten stundenlang/drei Stunden lang

    sit here for now or for the moment — bleiben Sie im Augenblick hier sitzen

    walk for 20 miles/for another 20 miles — 20 Meilen [weit] gehen/weiter gehen

    21)

    be for it — (coll.) dran sein (ugs.); sich auf was gefasst machen können (ugs.)

    2. conjunction
    (since, as proof) denn
    * * *
    conj.
    als konj.
    denn konj.
    für konj.
    nach konj.
    zu konj.

    English-german dictionary > for

  • 11 make

    1.
    [meɪk]transitive verb, made [meɪd]
    1) (construct) machen, anfertigen (of aus); bauen [Damm, Straße, Flugzeug, Geige]; anlegen [See, Teich, Weg usw.]; zimmern [Tisch, Regal]; basteln [Spielzeug, Vogelhäuschen, Dekoration usw.]; nähen [Kleider]; durchbrechen [Türöffnung]; (manufacture) herstellen; (create) [er]schaffen [Welt]; (prepare) zubereiten [Mahlzeit]; machen [Frühstück, Grog]; machen, kochen [Kaffee, Tee, Marmelade]; backen [Brot, Kuchen]; (compose, write) schreiben, verfassen [Buch, Gedicht, Lied, Bericht]; machen [Eintrag, Zeichen, Kopie, Zusammenfassung, Testament]; anfertigen [Entwurf]; aufsetzen [Bewerbung, Schreiben, Urkunde]

    make a dress out of the material, make the material into a dress — aus dem Stoff ein Kleid machen

    a table made of wood/of the finest wood — ein Holztisch/ein Tisch aus feinstem Holz

    made in Germany — in Deutschland hergestellt

    show what one is made of — zeigen, was in einem steckt (ugs.)

    be [simply] 'made of money — (coll.) im Geld [nur so] schwimmen (ugs.)

    be 'made for something/somebody — (fig.): (ideally suited) wie geschaffen für etwas/jemanden sein

    make a bed — (for sleeping) ein Bett bauen (ugs.)

    make the bed — (arrange after sleeping) das Bett machen

    have it made — (coll.) ausgesorgt haben (ugs.)

    2) (combine into) sich verbinden zu; bilden
    3) (cause to exist) machen [Ärger, Schwierigkeiten, Lärm, Aufhebens]

    make enemies — sich (Dat.) Feinde machen od. schaffen

    make time for doing or to do something — sich (Dat.) die Zeit dazu nehmen, etwas zu tun

    4) (result in, amount to) machen [Unterschied, Summe]; ergeben [Resultat]

    two and two make four — zwei und zwei ist od. macht od. sind vier

    qualities that make a man — Eigenschaften, die einen Mann ausmachen

    5) (establish, enact) bilden [Gegensatz]; treffen [Unterscheidung, Übereinkommen]; ziehen [Vergleich, Parallele]; erlassen [Gesetz, Haftbefehl]; aufstellen [Regeln, Behauptung]; stellen [Forderung]; geben [Bericht]; schließen [Vertrag]; vornehmen [Zahlung]; machen [Geschäft, Vorschlag, Geständnis]; erheben [Anschuldigung, Protest, Beschwerde]
    6) (cause to be or become)

    make angry/happy/known — etc. wütend/glücklich/bekannt usw. machen

    make a friend of somebody — sich mit jemandem anfreunden

    make oneself heard/respected — sich (Dat.) Gehör/Respekt verschaffen

    make it a shorter journey by doing something — die Reise abkürzen, indem man etwas tut

    7)

    make somebody do something — (cause) jemanden dazu bringen, etwas zu tun; (compel) jemanden zwingen, etwas zu tun

    make somebody repeat the sentence — jemanden den Satz wiederholen lassen

    be made to do something — etwas tun müssen; (be compelled) gezwungen werden, etwas zu tun

    make oneself do something — sich überwinden, etwas zu tun

    this makes the tenth time you've failed — das ist nun [schon] das zehnte Mal, dass du versagt hast

    will you make one of the party? — wirst du dabei od. (ugs.) mit von der Partie sein?

    9) (serve for) abgeben
    10) (become by development or training)
    11) (gain, acquire, procure) machen [Vermögen, Profit, Verlust]; machen (ugs.) [Geld]; verdienen [Lebensunterhalt]; sich (Dat.) erwerben [Ruf]; (obtain as result) kommen zu od. auf, herausbekommen [Ergebnis, Endsumme]
    12) machen [Geste, Bewegung, Verbeugung]; machen [Reise, Besuch, Ausnahme, Fehler, Angebot, Entdeckung, Witz, Bemerkung]; begehen [Irrtum]; vornehmen [Änderung, Stornierung]; vorbringen [Beschwerde]; tätigen, machen [Einkäufe]; geben [Versprechen, Kommentar]; halten [Rede]; ziehen [Vergleich]; durchführen, machen [Experiment, Analyse, Inspektion]; (wage) führen [Krieg]; (accomplish) schaffen [Strecke pro Zeiteinheit]
    13)

    make little of something — (play something down) etwas herunterspielen

    they could make little of his letter — (understand) sie konnten mit seinem Brief nicht viel anfangen

    I don't know what to make of him/it — ich werde aus ihm/daraus nicht schlau od. klug

    what do you make of him? — was hältst du von ihm?; wie schätzt du ihn ein?

    14) (arrive at) erreichen [Bestimmungsort]; (coll.): (catch) [noch] kriegen (ugs.) [Zug usw.]

    make it — (succeed in arriving) es schaffen

    15)

    something makes or breaks or mars somebody — etwas entscheidet über jmds. Glück oder Verderben (Akk.)

    16) (consider to be)

    What do you make the time? - I make it five past eight — Wie spät hast du es od. ist es bei dir? - Auf meiner Uhr ist es fünf nach acht

    17)

    make 'do with/without something — mit/ohne etwas auskommen

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (proceed)

    make toward something/somebody — auf etwas/jemanden zusteuern

    2) (act as if with intention)

    make to do something — Anstalten machen, etwas zu tun

    make as if or as though to do something — so tun, als wolle man etwas tun

    3. noun
    1) (kind of structure) Ausführung, die; (of clothes) Machart, die
    2) (type of manufacture) Fabrikat, das; (brand) Marke, die

    make of car — Automarke, die

    3)

    on the make — (coll.): (intent on gain) hinter dem Geld her (abwertend)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/44737/make_for">make for
    - make off
    - make off with
    - make out
    - make over
    - make up
    - make up for
    - make up to
    * * *
    [meik] 1. past tense, past participle - made; verb
    1) (to create, form or produce: God made the Earth; She makes all her own clothes; He made it out of paper; to make a muddle/mess of the job; to make lunch/coffee; We made an arrangement/agreement/deal/bargain.) machen
    2) (to compel, force or cause (a person or thing to do something): They made her do it; He made me laugh.) bringen zu
    3) (to cause to be: I made it clear; You've made me very unhappy.) machen
    4) (to gain or earn: He makes $100 a week; to make a profit.) machen
    5) ((of numbers etc) to add up to; to amount to: 2 and 2 make(s) 4.) ergeben
    6) (to become, turn into, or be: He'll make an excellent teacher.) sich erweisen als
    7) (to estimate as: I make the total 483.) schätzen
    8) (to appoint, or choose, as: He was made manager.) machen zu
    9) (used with many nouns to give a similar meaning to that of the verb from which the noun is formed: He made several attempts (= attempted several times); They made a left turn (= turned left); He made (= offered) a suggestion/proposal; Have you any comments to make?) machen
    2. noun
    (a (usually manufacturer's) brand: What make is your new car?) die Marke
    - maker
    - making
    - make-believe
    - make-over
    - makeshift
    - make-up
    - have the makings of
    - in the making
    - make a/one's bed
    - make believe
    - make do
    - make for
    - make it
    - make it up
    - make something of something
    - make of something
    - make something of
    - make of
    - make out
    - make over
    - make up
    - make up for
    - make up one's mind
    - make up to
    * * *
    [meɪk]
    I. NOUN
    1. ECON (brand) Fabrikat nt, Marke f
    the newer \makes of computer are much faster die neuen Computergenerationen sind viel schneller
    it's jam of my own \make das ist selbst gemachte Marmelade
    \make of car Automarke f
    2. (of a person)
    people of her \make are rare Leute wie sie [o fam ihrer Machart] sind selten
    to be on the \make (for sex) auf sexuelle Abenteuer aus sein; (for money) geldgierig sein; (for power) machthungrig sein; (for profit) profitgierig sein; (for career) karrieresüchtig sein
    to put the \make on sb AM (sl) versuchen, jdn ins Bett zu kriegen fam
    <made, made>
    1. (produce)
    ▪ to \make sth etw machen; company, factory etw herstellen
    the pot is made to withstand high temperatures der Topf ist so beschaffen, dass er hohe Temperaturen aushält
    ‘made in Taiwan’ ‚hergestellt in Taiwan‘
    this sweater is made of wool dieser Pullover ist aus Wolle
    God made the world in 7 days Gott erschuf die Erde in 7 Tagen
    to \make bread Brot backen
    to \make clothes Kleider nähen
    to \make coffee/soup/supper Kaffee/Suppe/das Abendessen kochen
    to \make a copy of sth etw kopieren
    to \make a movie [or film] einen Film drehen
    to \make peace Frieden schließen
    to \make a picture ( fam) ein Foto machen
    to \make a recording of sth etw aufnehmen
    to \make a snowman einen Schneemann bauen
    to \make steel/a pot Stahl/einen Topf herstellen
    to \make time sich dat [die] Zeit nehmen
    to show what one's [really] made of zeigen, was in einem steckt
    ▪ to \make sb sth [or sth for sb] etw für jdn machen
    he made us some coffee er machte uns Kaffee
    ▪ to be made for sth für etw akk [wie] geschaffen sein
    the doll wasn't made for banging around die Puppe ist nicht dazu gedacht, herumgeschleudert zu werden
    these two were made for each other die zwei sind wie geschaffen füreinander
    ▪ to \make sth etw werden; (be) etw sein
    I don't think he will ever \make a good lawyer ich glaube, aus ihm wird nie ein guter Rechtsanwalt [werden]
    she'll \make a great mother sie wird eine tolle Mutter abgeben
    let's \make a circle lasst uns einen Kreis bilden
    champagne and caviar \make a wonderful combination Champagner und Kaviar sind eine wunderbare Kombination
    to \make a good answer/excuse eine gute Antwort/Entschuldigung sein
    to \make a match gut zusammenpassen
    to \make fascinating reading faszinierend zu lesen sein
    3. (cause) machen
    to \make noise/a scene/trouble Lärm/eine Szene/Ärger machen
    to \make sb one's wife jdn zu seiner Frau machen
    ▪ to \make sth do sth:
    the wind is making my eyes water durch den Wind fangen meine Augen an zu tränen
    you \make things sound so bad du machst alles so schlecht
    the dark colours \make the room look smaller die dunklen Farben lassen das Zimmer kleiner wirken
    ▪ to \make sb do sth jdn dazu bringen [o geh veranlassen], etw zu tun
    what made you move here? was brachte dich dazu, hierher zu ziehen?
    what made you change your mind? wodurch hast du deine Meinung geändert?
    stories like that \make you think again Geschichten wie diese bringen dich zum Nachdenken
    to \make sb laugh jdn zum Lachen bringen
    to \make oneself look ridiculous sich akk lächerlich machen
    to \make sb suffer jdn leiden lassen
    ▪ to \make sb do sth jdn zwingen, etw zu tun
    go to your room! — no, and you can't \make me! geh auf dein Zimmer! — nein, und es kann mich auch keiner dazu zwingen!
    5. + adj (cause to be) machen
    the good weather made Spain so popular das schöne Wetter hat Spanien so beliebt gemacht
    to \make the best of a situation das Beste aus einer Situation machen
    to \make sb angry/happy jdn wütend/glücklich machen
    to \make sth easy etw leicht machen
    to \make oneself heard sich dat Gehör verschaffen
    to \make oneself known to sb sich akk jdm vorstellen, sich akk mit jdm bekanntmachen
    to \make sth public etw veröffentlichen
    to \make oneself understood sich akk verständlich machen
    6. (transform to)
    ▪ to \make sb/sth into sth:
    the recycled paper will be made into cardboard das Recyclingpapier wird zu Karton weiterverarbeitet
    this experience will \make you into a better person diese Erfahrung wird aus dir einen besseren Menschen machen
    we've made the attic into a spare room wir haben den Speicher zu einem Gästezimmer ausgebaut
    7. (perform)
    ▪ to \make sth mistake, progress, offer, suggestion etw machen
    he made a plausible case for returning home early er überzeugte uns, dass es sinnvoll sei, früh nach Hause zu gehen
    they made about 20 miles a day on foot sie legten etwa 20 Meilen am Tag zu Fuß zurück
    I'll have a steak — no, \make that chicken ich nehme ein Steak — ach nein, bringen Sie doch lieber das Hühnchen
    to \make an appointment einen Termin vereinbaren
    to \make a bargain ein Schnäppchen machen
    to \make a bid for sth ein Angebot für [o über] etw akk machen
    to \make a book STOCKEX eine Aufstellung von Aktien machen, für die Kauf- oder Verkaufsaufträge entgegengenommen werden
    to \make a call anrufen
    to \make a deal einen Handel schließen
    to \make a decision eine Entscheidung fällen [o treffen]
    to \make a deposit eine Anzahlung leisten
    to \make a donation eine Spende vornehmen
    to \make an effort sich akk anstrengen
    to \make a face ein Gesicht ziehen
    to \make a good job of sth bei etw dat gute Arbeit leisten
    to \make a move (in game) einen Zug machen; (in business, personal life) etwas unternehmen; body sich akk bewegen
    to \make a payment eine Zahlung leisten
    to \make a promise ein Versprechen geben, etw versprechen
    to \make reservations reservieren
    to \make a request for sth um etw akk bitten
    to \make small talk Konversation betreiben
    to \make a speech/presentation eine Rede/Präsentation halten
    to \make a start anfangen
    to \make good time doing sth bei etw dat schnell vorankommen
    to \make way [or space] [or room] den Weg frei machen
    to \make a withdrawal from a bank Geld bei einer Bank abheben
    ▪ to \make sth with numbers etw ergeben
    five plus five \makes ten fünf und fünf ist zehn
    today's earthquake \makes five since January mit dem heutigen Erdbeben sind es fünf seit Januar
    this \makes the third time my car has broken down das ist nun das dritte Mal, dass mein Auto eine Panne hat
    9. (earn, get)
    ▪ to \make sth:
    he \makes £50,000 a year er verdient [o fam macht] 50.000 Pfund im Jahr
    to \make enemies sich dat Feinde machen
    to \make a fortune sein Glück machen
    to \make friends Freundschaften schließen
    to \make a killing einen Riesengewinn machen
    to \make a living seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen
    to \make a lot of money out of sth mit etw dat viel Geld verdienen [o fam machen]
    to \make a name for oneself sich dat einen Namen machen
    to \make profits/losses Gewinn/Verlust machen
    ▪ to \make sb president/advisor/ambassador jdn zum Präsidenten/Berater/Botschafter ernennen
    11. (consider important)
    ▪ to \make sth of sth:
    she \makes a lot of politeness sie legt viel Wert auf Höflichkeit
    don't \make too much of his grumpiness gib nicht zu viel auf seine mürrische Art
    how much do you \make the total? was hast du als Summe errechnet?
    I \make the answer [to be] 105.6 ich habe als Lösung 105,6 herausbekommen
    what do you \make the time? was meinst du, wie viel Uhr ist es wohl?
    13. ( fam: get to, reach)
    ▪ to \make sth etw schaffen
    could you \make a meeting at 8 a.m.? schaffst du ein Treffen um 8 Uhr morgens?
    I barely made it to the meeting ich habe es gerade noch zur Versammlung geschafft
    the fire made the front page das Feuer kam auf die Titelseite
    he made captain/sergeant/manager AM er hat es bis zum Kapitän/Feldwebel/Manager gebracht
    to \make the bus/one's train/one's plane den Bus/seinen Zug/sein Flugzeug kriegen
    to \make the deadline den Termin einhalten [können]
    to \make the grade sich akk qualifizieren, es schaffen
    to \make the finals/a team SPORT sich akk für das Finale/ein Team qualifizieren
    to \make the big time ( fam) groß einsteigen fam
    to \make it to the top Karriere machen
    to \make it es schaffen
    the patient may not \make it through the night der Patient wird wahrscheinlich die Nacht nicht überstehen
    14. (render perfect)
    those curtains really \make the living room diese Vorhänge heben das Wohnzimmer ungemein
    this film has made his career der Film machte ihn berühmt
    that made my day! das hat mir den Tag gerettet!
    you've got it made! du hast ausgesorgt!
    to \make love sich akk lieben, miteinander schlafen
    ▪ to \make sb AM, AUS (sl) mit jdm ins Bett gehen fam
    he tried to \make her er hat versucht, sie ins Bett zu kriegen fam
    to \make it with sb (fam!) es mit jdm treiben fam
    16. NAUT
    to \make port Meldung an den Hafenmeister machen
    to \make sail in See stechen
    to \make way vorankommen
    17. ELEC
    to \make contact den Stromkreis schließen
    18.
    ▶ to \make a beeline [or dash] for sth/sb schnurstracks auf etw/jdn zugehen
    ▶ to \make or break sth/sb das Schicksal von etw/jdm in der Hand haben
    ▶ to \make a day/an evening of it den ganzen Tag/die ganze Nacht bleiben
    let's \make a night of it die Nacht ist noch jung
    ▶ to \make a go of it es schaffen, in etw dat Erfolg haben
    ▶ made in heaven perfekt
    ▶ to be made of money Geld wie Heu haben
    ▶ to \make sense Sinn ergeben [o machen
    <made, made>
    to \make to leave/eat dinner/start a fight sich akk anschicken, zu gehen/Abend zu essen/einen Streit anzufangen
    just as we made to leave the phone rang gerade als wir gehen wollten, klingelte das Telefon
    2. (pretend)
    ▪ to \make as if to do sth aussehen, als ob man etw tun wolle
    he made as if to leave the room er machte Anstalten, das Zimmer zu verlassen
    stop making like you know everything! hör auf so zu tun, als wüsstest du alles!
    ▪ to \make like... AM so tun, als ob...
    the boy made like he was sick so he wouldn't have to go to school der Junge stellte sich krank, damit er nicht zur Schule musste
    ▪ to \make with the money/jewels Geld/Juwelen [über]geben
    \make with the money bags, baby! her mit dem Geld, Baby! fam
    4.
    ▶ to \make do with/without sth mit/ohne etw dat auskommen [o hinkommen]
    can you \make do with a fiver? reicht dir ein Fünfpfundschein?
    ▶ to \make do and mend ( prov) flicken und wiederverwerten, was man hat, sich akk mit etw dat zufriedengeben
    * * *
    make [meık]
    A s
    1. a) Machart f, Ausführung f
    b) Erzeugnis n, Produkt n, Fabrikat n:
    our own make (unser) eigenes Fabrikat;
    of best English make beste englische Qualität;
    I like the make of this car mir gefällt die Ausführung oder Form dieses Wagens;
    is this your own make? haben Sie das (selbst) gemacht?
    2. Mode: Schnitt m, Fasson f
    3. WIRTSCH (Fabrik)Marke f
    4. TECH Typ m, Bau(art) m(f)
    5. Beschaffenheit f, Zustand m
    6. Anfertigung f, Herstellung f, Produktion f
    7. Produktion(smenge) f, Ausstoß m
    8. a) (Körper)Bau m
    b) Veranlagung f, Natur f, Art f
    9. Bau m, Gefüge n
    10. Fassung f, Stil m (eines Romans etc)
    11. ELEK Schließen n (des Stromkreises):
    be at make geschlossen sein
    a) Trumpfbestimmung f
    b) Bridge: endgültiges Trumpfgebot
    c) Mischen n (der Karten)
    a) schwer dahinter her sein, auf Geld oder auf seinen Vorteil aus sein,
    b) auf ein (sexuelles) Abenteuer aus sein,
    c) (gesellschaftlich) nach oben drängen,
    d) im Kommen oder Werden sein
    B v/t prät und pperf made [meıd]
    1. allg z. B. Anstrengungen, Einkäufe, Einwände, eine Reise, sein Testament, eine Verbeugung, einen Versuch machen:
    make a fire Feuer machen;
    make a price einen Preis festsetzen oder machen;
    make a speech eine Rede halten;
    make it 2-1 SPORT auf 2:1 stellen;
    he’s (as) stupid as they make them umg er ist so dumm wie sonst was; (siehe die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Stichwörtern)
    2. machen:
    a) anfertigen, herstellen, erzeugen ( alle:
    from, of, out of aus)
    b) verarbeiten, bilden, formen ( alle:
    to, into in akk, zu):
    make a man of sb einen Mann aus jemandem machen
    c) Tee etc (zu)bereiten:
    he made himself a cup of coffee er machte sich eine Tasse Kaffee
    d) ein Gedicht etc verfassen, schreiben
    3. errichten, bauen, einen Park, Weg etc anlegen
    4. (er)schaffen:
    God made man Gott schuf den Menschen;
    you are made for this job du bist für diese Arbeit wie geschaffen
    5. fig machen zu:
    make a doctor of sb jemanden Arzt werden lassen
    6. ergeben, bilden, entstehen lassen:
    oxygen and hydrogen make water Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff bilden Wasser
    7. verursachen:
    a) ein Geräusch, Lärm, Mühe, Schwierigkeiten etc machen
    b) bewirken, (mit sich) bringen:
    8. (er)geben, den Stoff abgeben zu, dienen als (Sache):
    this makes a good article das gibt einen guten Artikel;
    this cloth will make a suit dieses Tuch wird für einen Anzug reichen
    9. sich erweisen als (Personen):
    he would make a good salesman er würde einen guten Verkäufer abgeben;
    she made him a good wife sie war ihm eine gute Frau
    10. bilden, (aus)machen:
    this makes the tenth time das ist das zehnte Mal
    11. (mit adj, pperf etc)machen:
    make angry zornig machen, erzürnen; → make good
    12. (mit folgendem Substantiv) machen zu, ernennen zu:
    they made him (a) general, he was made a general er wurde zum General ernannt;
    he made himself a martyr er machte sich zum Märtyrer
    13. mit inf ( aktivisch ohne to, passiv mit to) jemanden lassen, veranlassen oder bringen oder zwingen oder nötigen zu:
    make sb wait jemanden warten lassen;
    he was made to wait for an hour man ließ ihn eine Stunde warten;
    we made him talk wir brachten ihn zum Sprechen;
    they made him repeat it, he was made to repeat it man ließ es ihn wiederholen;
    make sth do, make do with sth mit etwas auskommen, sich mit etwas begnügen oder behelfen;
    that coat makes him look absurd in dem Mantel schaut er einfach lächerlich aus; → laugh B
    14. fig machen:
    a) viel Wesens um etwas od jemanden machen,
    b) viel halten von, eine hohe Meinung haben von, große Stücke halten auf (akk)
    15. sich eine Vorstellung von etwas machen, etwas halten für:
    what do you make of it? was halten Sie davon?
    16. umg jemanden halten für:
    17. schätzen auf (akk):
    how old do you make him? wie alt schätzen Sie ihn?
    18. feststellen:
    I make it a quarter to five nach meiner Uhr ist es Viertel vor fünf
    19. erfolgreich durchführen: → escape C 1
    20. jemandem zum Erfolg verhelfen, jemandes Glück machen:
    I can make and break you ich kann aus Ihnen etwas machen und ich kann Sie auch erledigen
    21. sich ein Vermögen etc erwerben, verdienen, Geld, einen Profit machen, einen Gewinn erzielen: → name Bes Redew
    22. schaffen:
    a) eine Strecke zurücklegen:
    make it es (räumlich od zeitlich) schaffen ( → B 23);
    he didn’t make it to the emergency exit er schaffte es nicht bis zum Notausgang;
    sorry, I couldn’t make it any earlier ich konnte leider nicht früher kommen
    b) eine Geschwindigkeit erreichen, machen:
    23. umg etwas erreichen, schaffen, einen akademischen Grad erlangen, SPORT etc Punkte, auch eine Schulnote erzielen, einen Zug erwischen:
    make it es schaffen ( → B 22);
    he made it to general er brachte es bis zum General;
    make the team bes US sich einen Platz (in der Mannschaft) erobern; → regular A 14
    24. sl eine Frau rumkriegen, umlegen (verführen)
    25. ankommen in (dat), erreichen:
    make port SCHIFF in den Hafen einlaufen
    26. SCHIFF Land etc sichten, ausmachen
    27. Br eine Mahlzeit einnehmen
    28. ein Fest etc veranstalten
    a) Karten mischen
    b) einen Stich machen
    30. ELEK den Stromkreis schließen, einen Kontakt herstellen
    31. LING den Plural etc bilden, werden zu
    32. sich belaufen auf (akk), ergeben, machen:
    two and two make four 2 und 2 macht oder ist 4
    33. besonders Br ein Tier abrichten, dressieren
    34. obs übersetzen (in eine andere Sprache)
    35. US sl jemanden identifizieren
    C v/i
    1. sich anschicken, den Versuch machen ( beide:
    to do zu tun):
    he made to go er wollte gehen
    2. (to nach)
    a) sich begeben oder wenden
    b) führen, gehen (Weg etc), sich erstrecken
    c) fließen
    3. einsetzen (Ebbe, Flut), (an)steigen (Flut etc)
    4. (statt passiv) gemacht oder hergestellt werden
    5. Kartenspiel: einen Stich machen
    6. make as if ( oder as though) so tun, als ob oder als wenn:
    make believe vorgeben ( that dass; to do zu tun);
    make like US sl sich benehmen oder aufführen wie
    * * *
    1.
    [meɪk]transitive verb, made [meɪd]
    1) (construct) machen, anfertigen (of aus); bauen [Damm, Straße, Flugzeug, Geige]; anlegen [See, Teich, Weg usw.]; zimmern [Tisch, Regal]; basteln [Spielzeug, Vogelhäuschen, Dekoration usw.]; nähen [Kleider]; durchbrechen [Türöffnung]; (manufacture) herstellen; (create) [er]schaffen [Welt]; (prepare) zubereiten [Mahlzeit]; machen [Frühstück, Grog]; machen, kochen [Kaffee, Tee, Marmelade]; backen [Brot, Kuchen]; (compose, write) schreiben, verfassen [Buch, Gedicht, Lied, Bericht]; machen [Eintrag, Zeichen, Kopie, Zusammenfassung, Testament]; anfertigen [Entwurf]; aufsetzen [Bewerbung, Schreiben, Urkunde]

    make a dress out of the material, make the material into a dress — aus dem Stoff ein Kleid machen

    a table made of wood/of the finest wood — ein Holztisch/ein Tisch aus feinstem Holz

    show what one is made of — zeigen, was in einem steckt (ugs.)

    be [simply] 'made of money — (coll.) im Geld [nur so] schwimmen (ugs.)

    be 'made for something/somebody — (fig.): (ideally suited) wie geschaffen für etwas/jemanden sein

    make a bed — (for sleeping) ein Bett bauen (ugs.)

    have it made — (coll.) ausgesorgt haben (ugs.)

    2) (combine into) sich verbinden zu; bilden
    3) (cause to exist) machen [Ärger, Schwierigkeiten, Lärm, Aufhebens]

    make enemies — sich (Dat.) Feinde machen od. schaffen

    make time for doing or to do something — sich (Dat.) die Zeit dazu nehmen, etwas zu tun

    4) (result in, amount to) machen [Unterschied, Summe]; ergeben [Resultat]

    two and two make four — zwei und zwei ist od. macht od. sind vier

    qualities that make a man — Eigenschaften, die einen Mann ausmachen

    5) (establish, enact) bilden [Gegensatz]; treffen [Unterscheidung, Übereinkommen]; ziehen [Vergleich, Parallele]; erlassen [Gesetz, Haftbefehl]; aufstellen [Regeln, Behauptung]; stellen [Forderung]; geben [Bericht]; schließen [Vertrag]; vornehmen [Zahlung]; machen [Geschäft, Vorschlag, Geständnis]; erheben [Anschuldigung, Protest, Beschwerde]

    make angry/happy/known — etc. wütend/glücklich/bekannt usw. machen

    make oneself heard/respected — sich (Dat.) Gehör/Respekt verschaffen

    make it a shorter journey by doing something — die Reise abkürzen, indem man etwas tut

    7)

    make somebody do something — (cause) jemanden dazu bringen, etwas zu tun; (compel) jemanden zwingen, etwas zu tun

    be made to do something — etwas tun müssen; (be compelled) gezwungen werden, etwas zu tun

    make oneself do something — sich überwinden, etwas zu tun

    8) (form, be counted as)

    this makes the tenth time you've failed — das ist nun [schon] das zehnte Mal, dass du versagt hast

    will you make one of the party? — wirst du dabei od. (ugs.) mit von der Partie sein?

    9) (serve for) abgeben
    11) (gain, acquire, procure) machen [Vermögen, Profit, Verlust]; machen (ugs.) [Geld]; verdienen [Lebensunterhalt]; sich (Dat.) erwerben [Ruf]; (obtain as result) kommen zu od. auf, herausbekommen [Ergebnis, Endsumme]
    12) machen [Geste, Bewegung, Verbeugung]; machen [Reise, Besuch, Ausnahme, Fehler, Angebot, Entdeckung, Witz, Bemerkung]; begehen [Irrtum]; vornehmen [Änderung, Stornierung]; vorbringen [Beschwerde]; tätigen, machen [Einkäufe]; geben [Versprechen, Kommentar]; halten [Rede]; ziehen [Vergleich]; durchführen, machen [Experiment, Analyse, Inspektion]; (wage) führen [Krieg]; (accomplish) schaffen [Strecke pro Zeiteinheit]
    13)

    make little of something — (play something down) etwas herunterspielen

    they could make little of his letter — (understand) sie konnten mit seinem Brief nicht viel anfangen

    I don't know what to make of him/it — ich werde aus ihm/daraus nicht schlau od. klug

    what do you make of him? — was hältst du von ihm?; wie schätzt du ihn ein?

    14) (arrive at) erreichen [Bestimmungsort]; (coll.): (catch) [noch] kriegen (ugs.) [Zug usw.]
    15)

    something makes or breaks or mars somebody — etwas entscheidet über jmds. Glück oder Verderben (Akk.)

    What do you make the time? - I make it five past eight — Wie spät hast du es od. ist es bei dir? - Auf meiner Uhr ist es fünf nach acht

    17)

    make 'do with/without something — mit/ohne etwas auskommen

    2. intransitive verb,

    make toward something/somebody — auf etwas/jemanden zusteuern

    make to do something — Anstalten machen, etwas zu tun

    make as if or as though to do something — so tun, als wolle man etwas tun

    3. noun
    1) (kind of structure) Ausführung, die; (of clothes) Machart, die
    2) (type of manufacture) Fabrikat, das; (brand) Marke, die

    make of car — Automarke, die

    3)

    on the make — (coll.): (intent on gain) hinter dem Geld her (abwertend)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Fabrikat -e n.
    Herstellung f.
    Marke -n f. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: made)
    = knüpfen v.
    machen v.
    vornehmen v.

    English-german dictionary > make

  • 12 say

    say [seɪ]
    dire ⇒ 1 (a)-(f), 2 penser ⇒ 1 (e) indiquer ⇒ 1 (g) marquer ⇒ 1 (g), 1 (h) exprimer ⇒ 1 (h)
    (pt & pp said [sed], 3rd pers sing says [sez])
    ∎ to say sth (to sb) dire qch (à qn);
    ∎ to say hello/goodbye to sb dire bonjour/au revoir à qn;
    ∎ say hello to them for me dites-leur bonjour de ma part;
    ∎ figurative I think you can say goodbye to your money je crois que vous pouvez dire adieu à votre argent;
    ∎ as I said yesterday/in my letter comme je l'ai dit hier/dans ma lettre;
    ∎ to say yes/no dire oui/non;
    ∎ did you say yes or no to his offer? tu as répondu oui ou non à sa proposition?, tu as accepté ou refusé sa proposition?;
    ∎ I wouldn't say no! je ne dis pas non!, ce n'est pas de refus!;
    ∎ I wouldn't say no to a cold drink je prendrais volontiers ou bien une boisson fraîche;
    ∎ to say please/thank you dire s'il vous plaît/merci;
    ∎ to say a prayer (for) dire une prière (pour);
    ∎ to say one's prayers faire sa prière;
    ∎ I can't say Russian names properly je n'arrive pas à bien prononcer les noms russes;
    ∎ I said to myself "let's wait a bit" je me suis dit "attendons un peu";
    ∎ what did he say about his plans? qu'a-t-il dit de ses projets?;
    ∎ have you said anything about it to him? est-ce que vous lui en avez parlé?;
    ∎ don't say too much about our visit ne parlez pas trop de notre visite;
    ∎ the less said the better moins nous parlerons, mieux cela vaudra;
    ∎ what did you say? (repeat what you said) pardon?, qu'avez-vous dit?; (in reply) qu'avez-vous répondu?;
    ∎ well, say something then! eh bien, dites quelque chose!;
    ∎ I can't think of anything to say je ne trouve rien à dire;
    ∎ I have nothing to say (gen) je n'ai rien à dire; (no comment) je n'ai aucune déclaration à faire;
    ∎ I have nothing more to say on the matter je n'ai rien à ajouter là-dessus;
    ∎ nothing was said about going to Moscow on n'a pas parlé d'aller ou il n'a pas été question d'aller à Moscou;
    ∎ let's say no more about it n'en parlons plus;
    ∎ can you say that again? pouvez-vous répéter ce que vous venez de dire?;
    ∎ you can say that again! c'est le cas de le dire!, je ne vous le fais pas dire!;
    ∎ Telecommunications who shall I say is calling? c'est de la part de qui?;
    ∎ say what you think dites ce que vous pensez;
    ∎ say what you mean dites ce que vous avez à dire;
    ∎ the chairman would like to say a few words le président voudrait dire quelques mots;
    ∎ he didn't have a good word to say about the plan il n'a dit que du mal du projet;
    ∎ he doesn't have a good word to say about anybody il n'a jamais rien de positif à dire sur personne;
    ∎ what have you got to say for yourself? eh bien, expliquez-vous!;
    ∎ he didn't have much to say for himself (spoke little) il n'avait pas grand-chose à dire; (no excuses) il n'avait pas de véritable excuse à donner;
    ∎ he certainly has a lot to say for himself il n'a pas la langue dans la poche;
    ∎ as you might say pour ainsi dire;
    ∎ so saying, he walked out sur ces mots, il est parti;
    ∎ to say nothing of the overheads sans parler des frais;
    ∎ British just say the word, you only have to say (the word) vous n'avez qu'un mot à dire;
    ∎ having said that ceci (étant) dit;
    ∎ to say one's piece dire ce qu'on a à dire;
    ∎ it goes without saying that we shall travel together il va sans dire ou il va de soi que nous voyagerons ensemble;
    ∎ familiar you said it! tu l'as dit!, comme tu dis!;
    ∎ familiar don't say you've forgotten! ne me dis pas que tu as oublié!;
    ∎ say no more n'en dis pas plus;
    ∎ well said! bien dit!;
    ∎ say when dis-moi stop;
    ∎ American say what? quoi?;
    ∎ when all's said and done tout compte fait, au bout du compte
    ∎ "not at all", she said "pas du tout", dit-elle;
    ∎ she says (that) the water's too cold elle dit que l'eau est trop froide;
    ∎ she said (we were) to come elle a dit qu'on devait venir;
    ∎ she said to get back early elle a dit qu'on devait rentrer tôt;
    ∎ they said on the news that… on a dit ou annoncé aux informations que…;
    ∎ they said it was going to rain ils ont annoncé de la pluie
    (c) (claim, allege) dire;
    ∎ they say ghosts really do exist ils disent que les fantômes existent vraiment;
    ∎ you know what they say, no smoke without fire tu sais ce qu'on dit, il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu;
    ∎ as they say comme ils disent ou on dit;
    ∎ it is said that no one will ever know the real story on dit que personne ne saura jamais ce qui s'est vraiment passé;
    ∎ I've heard it said that… j'ai entendu dire que… + indicative;
    ∎ these fans are said to be very efficient ces ventilateurs sont très efficaces, d'après ce qu'on dit;
    ∎ he is said to be rich, they say he is rich on le dit riche, on dit qu'il est riche;
    ∎ he is said to have emigrated on dit qu'il a émigré
    ∎ as you say, he is the best candidate comme tu dis, c'est lui le meilleur candidat;
    ∎ so he says, that's what he says c'est ce qu'il dit;
    ∎ I can't say how long it will last je ne peux pas dire combien de temps cela va durer;
    ∎ who can say? qui sait?;
    ∎ who can say when he'll come? qui peut dire quand il viendra?;
    ∎ (you can) say what you like, but I'm going vous pouvez dire ce que vous voulez, moi je m'en vais;
    ∎ I must say she's been very helpful je dois dire ou j'avoue qu'elle nous a beaucoup aidés;
    ∎ well this is a fine time to arrive, I must say! en voilà une heure pour arriver!;
    ∎ I'll say this much for them, they don't give up easily au moins, on peut dire qu'ils n'abandonnent pas facilement;
    ∎ I'll say this for him, he certainly tries hard je dois reconnaître qu'il fait tout son possible;
    ∎ you might as well say we're all mad! autant dire qu'on est tous fous!;
    ∎ you don't mean to say he's eighty-six vous n'allez pas me dire qu'il a quatre-vingt-six ans;
    ∎ is he stupid? - I wouldn't say that est-ce qu'il est bête? - je n'irais pas jusque-là;
    ∎ I should say so bien sûr que oui, je pense bien;
    ∎ I should say not! bien sûr que non!;
    ∎ if you say so si ou puisque tu le dis;
    ∎ and so say all of us et nous sommes tous d'accord ou de cet avis;
    ∎ there's no saying what will happen impossible de prédire ce qui va arriver;
    ∎ to say the least c'est le moins qu'on puisse dire;
    ∎ it's rather dangerous, to say the least c'est plutôt dangereux, c'est le moins qu'on puisse dire;
    ∎ I was surprised, not to say astounded j'étais surpris, pour ne pas dire stupéfait;
    ∎ there's not much to be said for the idea l'idée ne vaut pas grand-chose;
    ∎ there's a lot to be said for doing sport il y a beaucoup d'avantages à faire du sport;
    ∎ there is little to be said for beginning now on n'a pas intérêt à commencer dès maintenant;
    ∎ that's not saying much ça ne veut pas dire grand-chose;
    ∎ it doesn't say much for his powers of observation cela en dit long sur son sens de l'observation;
    ∎ you're honest, I'll say that for you je dirais en votre faveur que vous êtes honnête;
    ∎ that isn't saying much for him ce n'est pas à son honneur;
    ∎ it says a lot for his courage/about his real motives cela en dit long sur son courage/ses intentions réelles;
    ∎ the way you dress says something about you as a person la manière dont les gens s'habillent est révélatrice de leur personnalité
    (e) (think) dire, penser;
    ∎ I say you should leave je pense que vous devriez partir;
    ∎ what do you say? qu'en dites-vous?, qu'en pensez-vous?;
    ∎ what will people say? que vont dire les gens?;
    ∎ what did they say to your offer? qu'ont-ils dit de votre proposition?;
    ∎ what do you say we drive over or to driving over to see them? que diriez-vous de prendre la voiture et d'aller les voir?;
    ∎ what would you say to a picnic? que diriez-vous d'un pique-nique?, ça vous dit de faire un pique-nique?;
    ∎ when would you say would be the best time for us to leave? quel serait le meilleur moment pour partir, à votre avis?;
    ∎ to look at them, you wouldn't say they were a day over forty à les voir, on ne leur donnerait pas plus de quarante ans
    (f) (suppose, assume)
    ∎ (let's) say your plan doesn't work, what then? admettons ou supposons que votre plan ne marche pas, qu'est-ce qui se passe?;
    ∎ say he doesn't arrive, who will take his place? si jamais il n'arrive pas, qui prendra sa place?;
    ∎ look at, say, Jane Austen or George Eliot… prends Jane Austen ou George Eliot, par exemple…;
    ∎ if I had, say, £100,000 to spend si j'avais, mettons ou disons, 100 000 livres à dépenser;
    ∎ come tomorrow, say after lunch venez demain, disons ou mettons après le déjeuner;
    ∎ shall we say Sunday? disons dimanche, d'accord?
    (g) (indicate, register) indiquer, marquer;
    ∎ the clock says 10.40 la pendule indique 10 heures 40;
    ∎ what does your watch say? quelle heure est-il à ta montre?;
    ∎ the sign says 50 km le panneau indique 50 km;
    ∎ the gauge says 3.4 la jauge indique ou marque 3,4;
    ∎ it says "shake well" c'est marqué "bien agiter";
    ∎ the instructions say (to) open it out of doors dans le mode d'emploi, on dit qu'il faut l'ouvrir dehors;
    ∎ it says in the newspaper that… on dit dans le journal que… + indicative;
    ∎ the Bible says or it says in the Bible that… comme il est écrit dans la Bible…
    (h) (express → of intonation, eyes) exprimer, marquer;
    ∎ his expression said everything son expression était très éloquente ou en disait long;
    ∎ that look says a lot ce regard en dit long
    ∎ that is to say c'est-à-dire;
    ∎ it's short, that's to say, about twenty pages c'est court, ça fait dans les vingt pages;
    ∎ that's not to say I don't like it cela ne veut pas dire que je ne l'aime pas
    (tell) dire;
    ∎ he won't say il ne veut pas le dire;
    ∎ I'd rather not say je préfère ne rien dire;
    ∎ I can't say exactly je ne sais pas au juste;
    ∎ it's not for me to say (speak) ce n'est pas à moi de le dire; (decide) ce n'est pas à moi de décider;
    ∎ I can't say fairer than that je ne peux pas mieux dire;
    ∎ so to say pour ainsi dire;
    ∎ I say! (expressing surprise) eh bien!; (expressing indignation) dites donc!; (to attract attention) dites!;
    ∎ American say! dites donc!;
    ∎ I mean to say! tout de même!, quand même!;
    ∎ I'll say! et comment donc!;
    ∎ you don't say! sans blague!, ça alors!
    3 noun
    ∎ to have a say in sth avoir son mot à dire dans qch;
    ∎ I had no say in choosing the wallpaper on ne m'a pas demandé mon avis pour le choix du papier peint;
    ∎ I have no say in the matter je n'ai pas voix au chapitre;
    ∎ we had little say in the matter on ne nous a pas vraiment demandé notre avis;
    ∎ to have one's say dire ce qu'on a à dire;
    ∎ now you've had your say, let me have mine maintenant que vous avez dit ce que vous aviez à dire, laissez-moi parler

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > say

  • 13 pick

    I [pɪk] сущ.
    1) кирка, кайло, лом; ледоруб
    Syn:
    2) какое-л. приспособление с заострённым концом
    Syn:
    Syn:
    в) амер.; разг. медиатор, плектр
    Syn:
    Syn:
    д) острога, трезубец, багор ( для ловли рыбы)
    е) тех. резец, зубок
    ж) разг. расчёска с длинными острыми зубчиками ( для волос)
    3) полигр.
    в) уст. грязь, остающаяся на литерах (при печатании)
    4) ( picks) карт. бубны
    Syn:
    II [pɪk] 1. гл.
    1) = pick off собирать, снимать; рвать, срывать (цветы, фрукты)

    to pick away — удалять, снимать ( небольшими частями)

    to pick in — собирать, забирать

    All the best apples have been picked off by the children. — Дети оборвали лучшие яблоки.

    Syn:
    2)
    а) клевать, поклёвывать ( о птицах)
    б) едва прикасаться к еде; есть очень маленькими кусочками, порциями
    3)
    а) = pick out выбирать, отбирать, подбирать

    Pick out the dress that you like best. — Выбери платье, которое больше всего тебе нравится.

    - pick one's words
    - pick one's way
    - pick and choose
    - pick your own
    - pick them
    Syn:
    б) выискивать, искать
    - pick a quarrel with smb.
    •
    Syn:
    4)
    а) долбить, продалбливать, протыкать

    This cloth is so thin that you can pick a hole in it with your finger. — Эта ткань такая тонкая, что в ней можно пальцем сделать дырку.

    б) просверливать, пробуравливать
    в) ковырять, сковыривать; разрыхлять ( киркой)

    The ground is so hard, that it will be necessary to pick it. — Земля очень твёрдая, придётся разрыхлять.

    Syn:
    6)
    б) обдирать, ощипывать (в частности, птицу)

    I picked away the layers of slime to reveal the most beautiful fish I had ever seen. — Я счистил слои тины, чтобы открылась рыба, красивей которой я в жизни не видал.

    в) прочищать (посредством какого-л. тонкого предмета)

    He sits there picking his teeth. — Сидит там и ковыряет в зубах.

    He is nearly deaf - never picks his ears. — Он почти глухой - уши совсем не чистит.

    Nails must be regularly picked, it is a precaution against various diseases. — Ногти надо регулярно чистить, это профилактика против многих болезней.

    7)
    а) = pick a lock обворовывать, очищать ( карманы)
    8) амер. играть, ударяя по струнам (на музыкальном инструменте, особенно банджо)
    9) австрал.; новозел.; разг. просекать, уяснить себе ( делать выводы)

    I didn't pick Johannson to be a future star at that point. — В тот момент до меня ещё не дошло, что Йоханнсон - будущая звезда.

    Syn:
    10) спорт. заблокировать (соперника; об агрессивной тактике в баскетболе)
    •
    - pick at
    - pick off
    - pick on
    - pick out
    - pick over
    - pick up
    ••

    to pick holes / a hole / flaws in smth. — критиковать, выискивать недостатки в чём-л., придираться к чему-л.

    to pick a hole in one's coat / pick a hole in smb. — обвинять, осуждать, порицать кого-л.

    to pick and choose — быть разборчивым, привередливым

    - pick a bone with smb.
    - pick up the tab 2. сущ.
    2) что-л. отборное, лучшая часть (чего-л.)

    the pick of the basket / bunch — лучшая часть

    the pick of the army — цвет армии, отборные войска

    3) сбор (то, что собрано в качестве урожая)

    The pick was poor this season. — Небогатый был сбор в этом сезоне.

    4) спорт. блок, разрешённый правилами ( об агрессивной тактике игры в баскетболе)
    III [pɪk] сущ.; текст.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > pick

  • 14 to

    1.
    [before vowel tʊ, before consonant tə, stressed tuː] preposition
    1) (in the direction of and reaching) zu; (with name of place) nach

    go to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen

    to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich

    2) (towards a condition or quality) zu
    3) (as far as) bis zu

    from London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh

    increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen

    with one's back to the wall — mit dem Rücken zur Wand

    [compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu

    it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut

    to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)

    lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.

    to me — (in my opinion) meiner Meinung nach

    what's that to you? — was geht das dich an?

    7) (until) bis

    to the end — bis zum Ende

    five [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht

    8) with infinitive of a verb zu; expressing purpose, or after academic.ru/75540/too">too um [...] zu

    too young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten

    to rebel is pointless — es ist sinnlos zu rebellieren

    he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es

    she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste

    2.
    [tuː] adverb
    1) (just not shut)

    be to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein

    2)
    * * *
    1. [tə,tu] preposition
    1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) zu, auf
    2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) bis
    3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) bis
    4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) zu, mit
    5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) zu, für
    6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) in
    7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) gegenüber, zu
    8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) zu
    9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) zu, um zu
    10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) zu
    2. [tu:] adverb
    1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) zu
    2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) zu sich, dran
    •
    * * *
    to
    [tu:, tu, tə]
    1. (moving towards) in + akk
    , nach + dat
    , zu + dat
    she walked over \to the window sie ging [hinüber] zum Fenster [o ans Fenster]
    we're going \to town wir gehen/fahren in die Stadt
    they go \to work on the bus sie fahren mit dem Bus zur Arbeit
    I'm going \to a party/concert ich gehe auf eine Party/ein Konzert
    she has to go \to a meeting now sie muss jetzt zu einem Meeting [gehen]
    we moved \to Germany last year wir sind letztes Jahr nach Deutschland gezogen
    he flew \to the US er flog in die USA
    she's never been \to Mexico before sie ist noch nie [zuvor] in Mexiko gewesen
    my first visit \to Africa mein erster Aufenthalt in Afrika
    this is a road \to nowhere! diese Straße führt nirgendwohin!
    parallel \to the x axis parallel zur x-Achse
    from here \to the station von hier [bis] zum Bahnhof
    on the way \to the mountains/the sea/the town centre auf dem Weg in die Berge/zum Meer/ins [o zum] Stadtzentrum
    \to the north/south nördlich/südlich
    twenty miles \to the north of the city zwanzig Meilen nördlich der Stadt
    the suburbs are \to the west of the city die Vororte liegen im Westen der Stadt
    from place \to place von Ort zu Ort
    \to the right/left nach rechts/links
    there \to the right dort rechts
    he's standing \to the left of Adrian er steht links neben Adrian
    2. (attending regularly) zu + dat
    , in + dat
    she goes \to kindergarten sie geht in den Kindergarten
    he goes \to university er geht auf die Universität
    do you go \to church? gehst du in die Kirche?
    I go \to the gym twice a week ich gehe zweimal wöchentlich zum Fitness
    3. (inviting to) zu + dat
    an invitation \to a wedding eine Einladung zu einer Hochzeit
    I've asked them \to dinner ich habe sie zum Essen eingeladen
    she took me out \to lunch yesterday sie hat mich gestern zum Mittagessen ausgeführt [o eingeladen
    she pointed \to a distant spot on the horizon sie zeigte auf einen fernen Punkt am Horizont
    to have one's back \to sth/sb etw/jdm den Rücken zudrehen
    back \to front verkehrt herum
    5. (in contact with) an + dat
    they were dancing cheek \to cheek sie tanzten Wange an Wange
    she put her hand \to his breast sie legte die Hand auf seine Brust
    she clasped the letter \to her bosom sie drückte den Brief an ihre Brust
    6. (attached to) an + akk
    tie the lead \to the fence mach die Leine am Zaun fest
    they fixed the bookshelves \to the wall sie brachten die Bücherregale an der Wand an
    stick the ads \to some paper klebe die Anzeigen auf ein Blatt Papier
    7. (with indirect object)
    ▪ \to sb/sth jdm/etw dat
    I lent my bike \to my brother ich habe meinem Bruder mein Fahrrad geliehen
    give that gun \to me gib mir das Gewehr
    children are often cruel \to each other Kinder sind oft grausam zueinander
    who's the letter addressed \to? an wen ist der Brief adressiert?
    what have they done \to you? was haben sie dir [an]getan?
    her knowledge proved useful \to him ihr Wissen erwies sich als hilfreich für ihn
    they made a complaint \to the manager sie reichten beim Geschäftsleiter eine Beschwerde ein
    a threat \to world peace eine Bedrohung des Weltfriedens [o für den Weltfrieden]
    to be grateful \to sb jdm dankbar sein
    to be married \to sb mit jdm verheiratet sein
    to tell/show sth \to sb jdm etw erzählen/zeigen
    and what did you say \to that? und was hast du dazu gesagt?
    he finally confessed \to the crime er gestand schließlich das Verbrechen
    this is essential \to our strategy dies ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer Strategie
    9. (in response) auf + akk
    a reference \to Psalm 22:18 ein Verweis auf Psalm 22:18
    her reply \to the question ihre Antwort auf die Frage
    and what was her response \to that? und wie lautete ihr Antwort darauf?
    10. (belonging to) zu + dat
    the keys \to his car seine Autoschlüssel
    the top \to this pen die Kappe, die auf diesen Stift gehört
    she has a mean side \to her sie kann auch sehr gemein sein
    there is a very moral tone \to this book dieses Buch hat einen sehr moralischen Unterton
    there's a funny side \to everything alles hat auch seine komische Seite
    11. (compared to) mit + dat
    I prefer beef \to seafood ich ziehe Rindfleisch Meeresfrüchten vor
    she looked about thirty \to his sixty neben ihm mit seinen sechzig Jahren wirkte sie wie dreißig
    to be comparable \to sth mit etw dat vergleichbar sein
    [to be] nothing \to sth nichts im Vergleich zu etw dat [sein]
    her wage is nothing \to what she could earn ihr Einkommen steht in keinem Vergleich zu dem, was sie verdienen könnte
    to be superior \to sb jdm übergeordnet sein, höher stehen als jd
    12. (in scores) zu + dat
    Paul beat me by three games \to two Paul hat im Spiel drei zu zwei gegen mich gewonnen
    Manchester won three \to one Manchester hat drei zu eins gewonnen
    13. (until) bis + dat
    , zu + dat
    I read up \to page 100 ich habe bis Seite 100 gelesen
    unemployment has risen \to almost 8 million die Arbeitslosigkeit ist auf fast 8 Millionen angestiegen
    count \to 20 zähle bis 20
    it's about fifty miles \to New York es sind [noch] etwa fünfzig Meilen bis New York
    14. (expressing change of state) zu + dat
    he converted \to Islam er ist zum Islam übergetreten
    his expression changed from amazement \to joy sein Ausdruck wechselte von Erstaunen zu Freude
    the change \to the metric system der Wechsel zum metrischen System
    her promotion \to department manager ihre Beförderung zur Abteilungsleiterin
    the meat was cooked \to perfection das Fleisch war bestens zubereitet
    he drank himself \to death er trank sich zu Tode
    she nursed me back \to health sie hat mich [wieder] gesund gepflegt
    smashed \to pieces in tausend Stücke geschlagen
    she was close \to tears sie war den Tränen nahe
    he was thrilled \to bits er freute sich wahnsinnig
    15. (to point in time) bis + dat
    the shop is open \to 8.00 p.m. der Laden hat bis 20 Uhr geöffnet
    we're in this \to the end wir führen dies bis zum Ende
    and \to this day... und bis auf den heutigen Tag...
    it's only two weeks \to your birthday! es sind nur noch zwei Wochen bis zu deinem Geburtstag!
    16. (including)
    ▪ from... \to... von... bis...
    from beginning \to end von Anfang bis Ende
    from morning \to night von morgens bis abends
    front \to back von vorne bis hinten, von allen Seiten
    I read the document front \to back ich habe das Dokument von vorne bis hinten gelesen
    he's done everything from snowboarding \to windsurfing er hat von Snowboarden bis Windsurfen alles [mal] gemacht
    from simple theft \to cold-blooded murder vom einfachen Diebstahl bis zum kaltblütigen Mord
    17. BRIT (in clock times) vor, bis SÜDD
    it's twenty \to six es ist zwanzig vor sechs
    18. (causing) zu + dat
    \to my relief/horror/astonishment zu meiner Erleichterung/meinem Entsetzen/meinem Erstaunen
    much \to her surprise zu ihrer großen Überraschung
    19. (according to) für + akk
    \to me, it sounds like she's ending the relationship für mich hört sich das an, als ob sie die Beziehung beenden wollte
    that outfit looks good \to me das Outfit gefällt mir gut
    if it's acceptable \to you wenn Sie einverstanden sind
    this would be \to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil, das wäre für dich von Vorteil
    does this make any sense \to you? findest du das auf irgendeine Weise einleuchtend?
    fifty pounds is nothing \to him fünfzig Pfund sind nichts für ihn
    what's it \to you? ( fam) was geht dich das an?
    20. (serving) für + akk
    he works as a personal trainer \to the rich and famous er arbeitet als Personal Trainer für die Reichen und Berühmten
    they are hat makers \to Her Majesty the Queen sie sind Hutmacher Ihrer Majestät, der Königin
    economic adviser \to the president Wirtschaftsberater des Präsidenten
    21. FILM (next to)
    she was Ophelia \to Olivier's Hamlet in der Verfilmung von Olivier spielte sie neben Hamlet die Ophelia
    22. (in honour of) auf + akk
    here's \to you! auf dein/Ihr Wohl!
    \to the cook! auf den Koch/die Köchin!
    the record is dedicated \to her mother die Schallplatte ist ihrer Mutter gewidmet
    I propose a toast \to the bride and groom ich bringe einen Toast auf die Braut und den Bräutigam aus
    a memorial \to all the soldiers who died in Vietnam ein Denkmal für alle im Vietnamkrieg gefallenen Soldaten
    23. (per)
    the car gets 25 miles \to the gallon das Auto verbraucht eine Gallone auf 25 Meilen
    three parts oil \to one part vinegar drei Teile Öl auf einen Teil Essig
    the odds are 2 \to 1 that you'll lose die Chancen stehen 2 zu 1, dass du verlierst
    she awoke \to the sound of screaming sie wurden durch laute Schreie wach
    I like exercising \to music ich trainiere gerne mit Musik
    I can't dance \to this sort of music ich kann zu dieser Art Musik nicht tanzen
    the band walked on stage \to rapturous applause die Band zog unter tosendem Applaus auf die Bühne
    25. (roughly) bis + dat
    thirty \to thirty-five people dreißig bis fünfunddreißig Leute
    26. MATH (defining exponent) hoch
    ten \to the power of three zehn hoch drei
    27.
    ▶ that's all there is \to it das ist schon alles
    ▶ there's not much [or nothing] \to it das ist nichts Besonderes, da ist nichts Besonderes dabei
    1. (expressing future intention) zu
    she agreed \to help sie erklärte sich bereit zu helfen
    I'll have \to tell him ich werde es ihm sagen müssen
    I don't expect \to be finished any later than seven ich denke, dass ich spätestens um sieben fertig sein werde
    he lived \to see his first grandchild er durfte erleben, dass sein erstes Enkelkind geboren wurde
    I have \to go on a business trip ich muss auf eine Geschäftsreise
    the company is \to pay over £500,000 die Firma muss über 500.000 Pfund bezahlen
    he's going \to write his memoirs er wird seine Memoiren schreiben
    I have some things \to be fixed ich habe einige Dinge zu reparieren
    Blair \to meet with Bush Blair trifft Bush
    to be about \to do sth gerade etw tun wollen, im Begriff sein, etw zu tun
    2. (forming requests) zu
    she was told \to have the report finished by Friday sie wurde gebeten, den Bericht bis Freitag fertigzustellen
    he told me \to wait er sagte mir, ich solle warten
    I asked her \to give me a call ich bat sie, mich anzurufen
    we asked her \to explain wir baten sie, es uns zu erklären
    you've not \to do that du sollst das nicht tun
    that man is not \to come here again der Mann darf dieses Haus nicht mehr betreten
    young man, you're \to go to your room right now junger Mann, du gehst jetzt auf dein Zimmer
    3. (expressing wish) zu
    I need \to eat something first ich muss zuerst etwas essen
    I'd love \to live in New York ich würde nur zu gern in New York leben
    would you like \to dance? möchten Sie tanzen?
    that child ought \to be in bed das Kind sollte [schon] im Bett sein
    I want \to go now ich möchte jetzt gehen
    I need \to go to the bathroom ich muss mal auf die Toilette
    do you want \to come with us? willst du [mit uns] mitkommen?
    I'd love \to go to France this summer ich würde diesen Sommer gern nach Frankreich fahren
    4. (omitting verb)
    are you going tonight? — I'm certainly hoping \to gehst du heute Abend? — das hoffe ich sehr
    would you like to go and see the Russian clowns? — yes, I'd love \to möchtest du gern die russischen Clowns sehen? — ja, sehr gern
    can you drive? — yes I'm able \to but I prefer not \to kannst du Auto fahren? — ja, das kann ich, aber ich fahre nicht gern
    5. after adj (to complete meaning)
    it's not likely \to happen es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht, das wird wohl kaum geschehen
    I was afraid \to tell her ich hatte Angst, es ihr zu sagen
    he's able \to speak four languages er spricht vier Sprachen
    she's due \to have her baby sie bekommt bald ihr Baby
    I'm afraid \to fly ich habe Angst vorm Fliegen
    she's happy \to see you back sie ist froh, dass du wieder zurück bist
    I'm sorry \to hear that es tut mir leid, das zu hören
    easy \to use leicht zu bedienen
    languages are fun \to learn Sprachenlernen macht Spaß
    it is interesting \to know that es ist interessant, das zu wissen
    three months is too long \to wait drei Monate zu warten ist zu lang
    I'm too nervous \to talk right now ich bin zu nervös, um jetzt zu sprechen
    I'm going there \to see my sister ich gehe dort hin, um meine Schwester zu treffen
    she's gone \to pick Jean up sie ist Jean abholen gegangen
    my second attempt \to make flaky pastry mein zweiter Versuch, einen Blätterteig zu machen
    they have no reason \to lie sie haben keinerlei Grund zu lügen
    I have the chance \to buy a house cheaply ich habe die Gelegenheit, billig ein Haus zu kaufen
    something \to eat etwas zu essen
    the first person \to arrive die erste Person, die ankam [o eintraf]
    Armstrong was the first man \to walk on the moon Armstrong war der erste Mann, der den Mond betrat
    7. (expressing intent)
    we tried \to help wir versuchten zu helfen
    \to make this cake, you'll need... für diesen Kuchen braucht man...
    he managed \to escape es gelang ihm zu entkommen
    I don't know what \to do ich weiß nicht, was ich tun soll
    I don't know where \to begin ich weiß nicht, wo ich anfangen soll
    she was wondering whether \to ask David about it sie fragte sich, ob sie David deswegen fragen sollte
    can you tell me how \to get there? könne Sie mir sagen, wie ich dort hinkomme?
    9. (introducing clause)
    \to tell the truth [or \to be truthful] um die Wahrheit zu sagen
    \to be quite truthful with you, Dave, I never really liked the man ich muss dir ehrlich sagen, Dave, ich konnte diesen Mann noch nie leiden
    \to be honest um ehrlich zu sein
    10. (in consecutive acts) um zu
    he looked up \to greet his guests er blickte auf, um seine Gäste zu begrüßen
    she reached out \to take his hand sie griff nach seiner Hand
    they turned around \to find their car gone sie drehten sich um und bemerkten, dass ihr Auto verschwunden war
    III. ADVERB
    inv zu
    to push [or pull] the door \to die Tür zuschlagen
    to come \to zu sich dat kommen
    to set \to sich akk daranmachen fam
    they set \to with a will, determined to finish the job sie machten sich mit Nachdruck daran, entschlossen, die Arbeit zu Ende zu bringen
    * * *
    [tuː]
    1. PREPOSITION
    1) = in direction of, towards zu

    to go to the doctor( 's)/greengrocer's etc — zum Arzt/Gemüsehändler etc gehen

    to go to the opera/concert etc — in die Oper/ins Konzert etc gehen

    to go to France/London — nach Frankreich/London fahren

    to go to Switzerland —

    he came up to where I was standing —

    to turn a picture/one's face to the wall — ein Bild/sich mit dem Gesicht zur Wand drehen

    2) = as far as, until bis

    to count (up) to 20 —

    3) = in in (+dat)

    I have never been to Brussels/India — ich war noch nie in Brüssel/Indien

    4)

    = secure to he nailed it to the wall/floor etc — er nagelte es an die Wand/auf den Boden etc

    they tied him to the tree —

    5)

    with indirect object to give sth to sb — jdm etw geben

    a present from me to you —

    I said to myself... — ich habe mir gesagt...

    he was muttering/singing to himself — er murmelte/sang vor sich hin

    "To... " (on envelope etc) to pray to God — "An (+acc)..." zu Gott beten

    6) in toasts auf (+acc)
    7)

    = next to with position bumper to bumper — Stoßstange an Stoßstange

    close to sb/sth — nahe bei jdm/etw

    at right angles to the wall —

    to the west (of)/the left (of) — westlich/links (von)

    20 ( minutes) to 2 — 20 (Minuten) vor 2

    at (a) quarter to 2 — um Viertel vor 2

    it was five to when we arrived — es war fünf vor, als wir ankamen

    9) = in relation to zu

    A is to B as C is to D —

    they won by 4 goals to 2 — sie haben mit 4:2 (spoken: vier zu zwei) Toren gewonnen

    10) = per pro; (in recipes, when mixing) auf (+acc)
    11) MATH

    3 to the 4th, 3 to the power of 4 — 3 hoch 4

    12)

    = concerning what do you say to the idea? — was hältst du von der Idee?

    to repairing television £30 (Comm) — (für) Reparatur eines Fernsehers £ 30

    13)

    = according to to the best of my knowledge — nach bestem Wissen

    14)

    = accompanied by to sing to the guitar —

    to sing sth to the tune of... — etw nach der Melodie von... singen

    to dance to a tune/a band — zu einer Melodie/den Klängen or der Musik eines Orchesters tanzen

    15)

    = of ambassador to America/the King of France — Botschafter in Amerika/am Hofe des Königs von Frankreich

    16)

    = producing to everyone's surprise — zu jedermanns Überraschung

    17)

    infinitive to begin to do sth — anfangen, etw zu tun

    I want him to do it — ich will, dass er es tut

    18)

    conditional use of infinitive to see him now, one would never think... — wenn man ihn jetzt sieht, würde man nicht glauben,...

    19)

    infinitive expressing purpose, result to eat/work to live —

    I did it to help you — ich tat es, um dir zu helfen

    to get to the point,... — um zur Sache zu kommen,...

    well, not to exaggerate... — ohne zu übertreiben,...

    I arrived to find she had gone — als ich ankam, war sie weg

    20)

    omitting verb I don't want to — ich will nicht

    we didn't want to but we were forced to — wir wollten nicht, aber wir waren dazu gezwungen

    I intended to (do it), but I forgot (to) — ich wollte es tun, aber ich habe es vergessen

    buy it, it would be silly not to — kaufe es, es wäre dumm, es nicht zu tun

    he often does things one doesn't expect him to — er macht oft Dinge, die man nicht von ihm erwartet

    21)

    set structures __diams; noun/pronoun + to + infinitive he is not the sort to do that — er ist nicht der Typ, der das täte, er ist nicht der Typ dazu

    I have done nothing to deserve this — ich habe nichts getan, womit ich das verdient hätte

    who is he to order you around? — wer ist er denn, dass er dich so herumkommandiert?

    he was the first to arrive — er kam als Erster an, er war der Erste, der ankam

    who was the last to see her? —

    what is there to do here? —

    now is the time to do it — jetzt ist die (beste) Zeit, es zu tun

    you are foolish to try it — du bist dumm, das überhaupt zu versuchen

    is it good to eat? —

    he's too old to be still in short trousers — er ist schon so alt und trägt noch kurze Hosen

    2. ADJECTIVE
    door (= ajar) angelehnt; (= shut) zu
    3. ADVERB

    to and fro — hin und her; walk auf und ab

    * * *
    to
    A präp [tuː; tʊ; tə]
    2. (Richtung und Ziel, räumlich) zu, nach, an (akk), in (akk), auf (akk):
    go to London nach London fahren;
    from east to west von Osten nach Westen;
    throw sth to the ground etwas auf den oder zu Boden werfen
    3. in (dat):
    have you ever been to London?
    4. (Richtung, Ziel, Zweck) zu, auf (akk), an (akk), in (akk), für, gegen:
    play to a large audience vor einem großen Publikum spielen; → duty A 1 a, invite A 1, pray B 2, etc
    5. (Zugehörigkeit) zu, in (akk), für, auf (akk):
    a cap with a tassel to it eine Mütze mit einer Troddel (daran);
    a key to the case ein Schlüssel für den oder zum Koffer;
    a room to myself ein Zimmer für mich (allein); → assistant B 1, end C 7, moral B 1, secretary 1, etc
    6. (Übereinstimmung, Gemäßheit) nach, für, gemäß: → astonishment, etc
    7. (im Verhältnis oder Vergleich) zu, gegen, gegenüber, auf (akk), mit:
    the score is three to one (3-1) das Spiel oder es steht drei zu eins (3:1);
    two is to four as four is to eight zwei verhält sich zu vier wie vier zu acht
    8. (Ausmaß, Grenze, Grad) bis, (bis) zu, (bis) an (akk), auf (akk), in (dat):
    to the clouds bis an die Wolken;
    ten feet to the ground zehn Fuß bis zum Boden; → craziness
    9. (zeitliche Ausdehnung oder Grenze) bis, bis zu, bis gegen, auf (akk), vor (dat):
    from three to four von drei bis vier (Uhr);
    it’s ten to five es ist zehn vor fünf
    10. (Begleitung) zu, nach:
    sing to a guitar zu einer Gitarre singen;
    they danced to a tune sie tanzten nach einer Melodie; → dance A 1
    a) betont:
    he gave the book to me, not to you! er gab das Buch mir, nicht Ihnen!
    she was a good mother to him sie war ihm eine gute Mutter
    B partikel [tʊ; tə]
    to go gehen;
    easy to understand leicht zu verstehen;
    she was heard to cry man hörte sie weinen
    2. (Zweck, Absicht) um zu, zu:
    he only does it to earn money er tut es nur, um Geld zu verdienen
    I weep to think of it ich weine, wenn ich daran denke;
    he was the first to arrive er kam als Erster;
    to hear him talk wenn man ihn (so) reden hört; → honest A 1 b
    why blame you me to love you? obs oder poet was tadelst du mich, weil ich dich liebe?
    5. zur Andeutung eines aus dem Vorhergehenden zu ergänzenden Infinitivs:
    I don’t go because I don’t want to ich gehe nicht, weil ich nicht (gehen) will
    C adv [tuː]
    1. a) zu, geschlossen:
    pull the door to die Türe zuziehen
    b) angelehnt:
    2. (wieder) zu Bewusstsein oder zu sich: → bring to A 1, come to 1
    3. SCHIFF nahe am Wind:
    keep her to!
    a) hin und her,
    b) auf und ab
    * * *
    1.
    [before vowel tʊ, before consonant tə, stressed tuː] preposition

    go to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen

    to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich

    3) (as far as) bis zu

    from London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh

    increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen

    4) (next to, facing)
    5) (implying comparison, ratio, etc.)

    [compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu

    it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut

    to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)

    lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.

    to me — (in my opinion) meiner Meinung nach

    7) (until) bis

    five [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht

    8) with infinitive of a verb zu; expressing purpose, or after too um [...] zu

    do something to annoy somebody — etwas tun, um jemanden zu ärgern

    too young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten

    he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es

    she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste

    2.
    [tuː] adverb

    be to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein

    2)

    English-german dictionary > to

  • 15 make

    [meɪk] n
    1) econ ( brand) Marke f;
    what is the \make, model and year of your car? welche Marke, Modell und welches Baujahr hat dein Auto?;
    the newer \makes of computer are much more user-friendly die neuen Computergenerationen sind viel benutzerfreundlicher
    2) ( search)
    to be on the \make for sex sexhungrig sein; for money geldgierig sein; for power machthungrig sein; for profit profitgierig sein; for career karrieresüchtig sein;
    to put the \make on sb (Am) (sl) versuchen, jdn ins Bett zu kriegen ( fam) vt <made, made>
    1) ( produce)
    to \make sth etw machen; company, factory etw herstellen;
    the pot is made to withstand high temperatures der Topf ist so beschaffen, dass er hohen Temperaturen widerstehen kann;
    ‘made in Taiwan’ ‚in Taiwan hergestellt‘;
    this sweater is made of wool dieser Pullover ist aus Wolle;
    God made the world in 7 days Gott erschuf die Erde in 7 Tagen;
    to \make bread Brot backen;
    to \make clothes Kleider nähen;
    to \make coffee/ soup/ supper Kaffee/Suppe/das Abendessen kochen;
    to \make a copy of sth etw kopieren;
    to \make a movie [or film] einen Film drehen;
    to \make peace Frieden stiften;
    to \make a picture ( fam) ein Foto machen;
    to \make a recording of sth etw aufnehmen;
    to \make a snowman einen Schneemann bauen;
    to \make steel/ a pot Stahl/einen Topf herstellen;
    to \make time sich dat [die] Zeit nehmen;
    to show what one's [really] made of zeigen, was in einem steckt;
    to \make sb sth [or sth for sb] etw für jdn machen;
    he made us some coffee er machte uns Kaffee;
    to be made for sth für etw akk geschaffen sein;
    the doll wasn't made for banging around die Puppe ist nicht dazu gedacht, herumgeschleudert zu werden;
    these two were made for each other die zwei sind wie geschaffen füreinander;
    to \make like sb/ sth ( fam) jdn/etw imitieren [o nachmachen];
    2) ( become)
    to \make sth etw werden;
    I don't think he will ever \make a good lawyer ich glaube, aus ihm wird nie ein guter Rechtsanwalt [werden];
    she'll \make a great mother sie wird eine tolle Mutter abgeben;
    (be) etw sein;
    to \make a good answer/ excuse eine gute Antwort/Entschuldigung sein;
    to \make a wonderful combination eine wunderbare Kombination sein;
    to \make a match gut zusammenpassen;
    to \make fascinating reading faszinierend zu lesen sein;
    ( form) etw bilden;
    let's \make a circle lasst uns einen Kreis bilden
    3) ( cause)
    to \make noise/ a scene/ trouble Lärm/eine Szene/Ärger machen;
    the wind is making my eyes water durch den Wind fangen meine Augen an zu tränen;
    what made you change your mind? wodurch hast du deine Meinung geändert?;
    stories like that \make you think again Geschichten wie diese bringen dich zum Nachdenken;
    you \make things sound so bad du machst alles so schlecht;
    the dark colours \make the room look smaller die dunklen Farben lassen das Zimmer kleiner wirken;
    to \make sb do sth jdn dazu bringen [o ( geh) veranlassen], etw zu tun;
    what made you move here? was brachte dich dazu, hierher zu ziehen?;
    to \make sb laugh jdn zum Lachen bringen;
    to \make oneself look ridiculous sich akk lächerlich machen;
    to \make sb suffer jdn leiden lassen
    4) ( force)
    to \make sb do sth jdn zwingen, etw zu tun;
    go to your room! - no, and you can't \make me! geh auf dein Zimmer! - nein, mich kann keiner zwingen
    5) + adj ( cause to be)
    the good weather made Spain so popular das schöne Wetter hat Spanien so populär gemacht;
    to \make sth easy etw leicht machen;
    to \make oneself heard sich dat Gehör verschaffen;
    to \make oneself known to sb sich akk jdm vorstellen, sich akk mit jdm bekannt machen;
    to \make sth public etw veröffentlichen;
    to \make oneself understood sich akk verständlich machen
    the recycled paper will be made into cardboard das Recyclingpapier wird zu Karton weiterverarbeitet;
    this experience will \make you into a better person diese Erfahrung wird aus dir einen besseren Menschen machen;
    I'll have a steak - no, \make that chicken ich nehme ein Steak - ach nein, ändern Sie das und bringen Sie ein Hühnchen;
    to \make the best of a situation das Beste aus einer Situation machen
    7) ( perform)
    to \make sth etw machen;
    they made about 20 miles a day on foot sie legten etwa 20 Meilen am Tag zu Fuß zurück;
    he made a plausible case for returning home early er überzeugte uns, dass es sinnvoll sei, früh nach Hause zu gehen;
    to \make an appointment einen Termin vereinbaren;
    to \make a bargain ein Schnäppchen schlagen;
    to \make a call anrufen;
    to \make a case for sth etw vertreten;
    to \make a deal einen Handel schließen;
    to \make a decision eine Entscheidung fällen [o treffen];
    to \make a donation eine Spende vornehmen;
    to \make a face ein Gesicht ziehen ( fam)
    to \make a move ( in game) einen Zug machen;
    (in business, personal life) etwas unternehmen;
    ( of body) sich akk bewegen;
    to \make a promise ein Versprechen geben, etw versprechen;
    to \make reservations reservieren;
    to \make small talk Konversation betreiben;
    to \make a speech/ presentation eine Rede/Präsentation halten;
    to \make a start anfangen;
    to \make good time doing sth bei etw dat schnell vorankommen;
    to \make a withdrawal from a bank Geld bei einer Bank abheben
    8) ( amount to)
    to \make sth with numbers etw ergeben;
    five plus five \makes ten fünf und fünf ist zehn;
    if I buy this one, that'll \make it 30 wenn ich diesen hier kaufe, dann macht das zusammen 30;
    today's earthquake \makes five since January mit dem heutigen Erdbeben sind es fünf seit Januar;
    this \makes the third time my car has broken down das ist nun das dritte Mal, dass mein Auto eine Panne hat
    9) (earn, get)
    to \make enemies sich dat Feinde machen;
    to \make a fortune sein Glück machen;
    to \make friends Freundschaften schließen;
    to \make a killing einen Riesengewinn machen;
    to \make a living seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen;
    to \make money Geld verdienen;
    to \make a name for oneself sich dat einen Namen machen;
    to \make profits/ losses Gewinn/Verlust machen
    to \make sb president/ advisor/ ambassador jdn zum Präsidenten/Berater/Botschafter ernennen
    she \makes a lot of politeness sie legt viel Wert auf Höflichkeit;
    don't \make too much of his grumpiness gib nicht viel auf seine mürrische Art;
    to \make much of sb ( appreciate) viel von jdm halten;
    ( praise) jdn über den grünen Klee loben
    how much do you \make the total? was hast du als Summe errechnet?;
    I \make the answer [to be] 105.6 ich habe als Lösung 105,6 herausbekommen;
    what do you \make the time? was glaubst du, wie viel Uhr es ist?
    13) (fam: get to, reach)
    to \make sth etw schaffen;
    could you \make a meeting at 8 a.m.? schaffst du ein Treffen um 8 Uhr morgens?;
    I barely made it to the meeting ich habe es gerade noch zur Versammlung geschafft;
    we made it to the top of the mountain! wir schafften es bis zur Bergspitze!;
    the fire made the front page das Feuer kam auf die Titelseite;
    to \make the bus/ one's train/ one's plane den Bus/seinen Zug/sein Flugzeug erreichen;
    to \make port Meldung an den Hafen machen;
    to \make the big time ( fam) groß einsteigen ( fam)
    to \make it to the top Karriere machen, es schaffen;
    to \make it es schaffen;
    the patient may not \make it through the night der Patient wird wahrscheinlich die Nacht nicht überstehen;
    he made captain/ sergeant/ manager (Am) er schaffte es zum Kapitän/Feldwebel/Manager;
    to \make the finals/ regionals das Finale/die Bezirksklasse schaffen;
    to \make the grade es schaffen ( fam)
    to \make a team sports sich akk für ein Team qualifizieren
    those curtains really \make the living room diese Vorhänge verschönen das Wohnzimmer ungemein;
    this film has \make his career der Film machte ihn berühmt;
    that made my day! das hat mir den Tag gerettet!;
    you've got it made! du hast ausgesorgt!
    I can't \make anything of this philosophy text ich verstehe diesen Philosophietext nicht;
    to \make head or tail of sth aus etw dat schlau werden;
    I'd love to read his letter but I can't \make head or tail of his writing ich würde liebend gerne seinen Brief lesen, aber ich werde aus seiner Schrift nicht schlau;
    to \make sense of an action/ a word/ an argument den Sinn einer Aktion/eines Wortes/eines Arguments verstehen;
    what do you \make of his speech? was hältst du von seiner Rede?;
    we don't \make much of him wir halten nicht viel von ihm
    to \make love sich akk lieben, miteinander schlafen;
    to \make sb (Am, Aus) (sl) mit jdm ins Bett gehen ( fam)
    he tried to \make her er hat versucht, sie ins Bett zu kriegen ( fam)
    to \make it with sb (fam!) mit jdm ins Bett steigen ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    to \make a beeline [or dash] for sth/sb schnurstracks auf etw/jdn zugehen ( fam)
    to \make a day/an evening of it den ganzen Tag/die ganze Nacht bleiben;
    let's \make a night of it die Nacht ist noch jung;
    to \make a go of it es schaffen, in etw dat Erfolg haben;
    made in heaven perfekt;
    to be made of money Geld wie Heu haben;
    to \make sail naut in See stechen;
    to \make sense Sinn ergeben [o ( fam) machen];
    to \make or break sth/sb das Schicksal von etw/jdm in der Hand haben;
    to \make something of it ( fam) Ärger machen;
    do you want to \make something of it? suchst du Ärger? vi <made, made>
    1) ( chase)
    to \make after sb jdm hinterherjagen; police jdn verfolgen
    2) ( head for)
    to \make for sth auf etw akk zugehen;
    ( by car or bus) auf etw akk zufahren;
    the kids made for the woods to hide die Kinder rannten auf den Wald zu, um sich zu verstecken;
    we made towards the motorway wir fuhren Richtung Autobahn;
    to \make towards the door/ pub/ car auf die Tür/den Pub/das Auto zugehen
    3) (be)
    to \make for sth etw sein;
    ( result in) etw ergeben;
    faster computers \make for a more efficient system schnellere Computer führen zu leistungsfähigeren Systemen;
    Kant \makes for hard reading Kant ist schwer zu lesen
    4) (Am) ((dated) sl: hand over)
    to \make with the money/ jewels Geld/Juwelen [über]geben;
    \make with the money bags, baby! her mit dem Geld, Baby!
    to \make to leave/ eat dinner/ start a fight sich akk anschicken, zu gehen/Abend zu essen/einen Streit anzufangen
    6) ( pretend)
    to \make as if to do sth aussehen, als ob man etw tun wolle;
    he made as if to speak es sah aus, als wolle er sprechen;
    to \make like... (Am) so tun, als ob...;
    the boy made like he was sick so he wouldn't have to go to school der Junge tat so, als ob er krank wäre, damit er nicht zur Schule musste
    PHRASES:
    to \make do [with sth] mit etw dat auskommen [o hinkommen];
    can you \make do with a fiver? reicht dir ein Fünfpfundschein?

    English-German students dictionary > make

  • 16 nominate

    ˈnɔmɪneɪt гл.
    1) а) выставлять, предлагать кандидата (на выборах), номинировать (на какую-л. награду) б) уст. именовать
    2) а) назначать( на должность) б) объявлять, называть (дату и т. п.) значение имени, номинат выставлять, предлагать кандидата ( на должность, на выборах и т. п.) - to * smb. for the Presidency выдвинуть чью-л. кандидатуру на пост президента рекомендовать, выдвигать( на премию и т. п.) - to * smb. for the best actress выдвигать кого-л. на присвоение почетного звания лучшей актрисы назначать на должность - to * smb. to /for/ a post назначить кого-л. на (какой-л.) пост - a board of six *d and six elected members правление из шести назначенных и шести выборных членов (американизм) назначать на (ответственный, важный) пост с последующим утверждением сенатом;
    предлагать кандидата на сенатское утверждение - the President shall * and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors президент выдвигает кандидатуры послов и по совету сената и с его согласия назначает их на должности - Mr. N. was *d to be collector of customs and confirmed г-н N. был назначен начальником таможен и утвержден в этой должности сенатом зарегистрировать (лошадь) для участия в скачках (редкое) определять( дату) ;
    назначать (срок) ;
    уточнять( редкое) упоминать по имени( устаревшее) именовать, называть - I * that as the worst joke I've ever heard я называю это самым глупым анекдотом, который я когда-либо слышал nominate выдвигать, предлагать кандидата (на должность) ~ выдвигать кандидата ~ выставлять, предлагать кандидата (на выборах) ~ выставлять кандидата ~ уст. именовать ~ назначать (на должность) ;
    называть (дату и т. п.) ~ назначать ~ назначать на должность ~ предлагать кандидата

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > nominate

  • 17 nominate

    1. [ʹnɒmınıt] n лингв.
    значение имени, номинат
    2. [ʹnɒmıneıt] v
    1. 1) выставлять, предлагать кандидата (на должность, на выборах и т. п.)

    to nominate smb. for the Presidency - выдвинуть чью-л. кандидатуру на пост президента

    2) рекомендовать, выдвигать (на премию и т. п.)

    to nominate smb. for the best actress [for the player of the year] - выдвигать кого-л. на присвоение почётного звания лучшей актрисы [лучшего спортсмена этого года]

    2. 1) назначать на должность

    to nominate smb. to /for/ a post - назначить кого-л. на (какой-л.) пост

    a board of six nominated and six elected members - правление из шести назначенных и шести выборных членов

    2) амер. назначать на (ответственный, важный) пост с последующим утверждением сенатом; предлагать кандидата на сенатское утверждение

    the President shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors - президент выдвигает кандидатуры послов и по совету сената и с его согласия назначает их на должности

    Mr. N. was nominated to be collector of customs and confirmed - г-н N. был назначен начальником таможен и утверждён в этой должности сенатом

    3. зарегистрировать ( лошадь) для участия в скачках
    4. редк. определять ( дату); назначать ( срок); уточнять
    5. редк. упоминать по имени
    6. арх. именовать, называть

    I nominate that as the worst joke I've ever heard - шутл. я называю это самым глупым анекдотом, который я когда-либо слышал

    НБАРС > nominate

  • 18 momento

    m.
    1 moment (instante).
    a cada momento all the time
    al momento straightaway
    de un momento a otro any minute now
    de momento, por el momento for the time being o moment
    dentro de un momento in a moment o minute
    desde el momento (en) que… from the moment that…; (tiempo) seeing as… (causa)
    por momentos by the minute
    en todo momento at all times
    2 time.
    llegó un momento en que… there came a time when…
    has venido en buen/mal momento you've come at a good/bad time
    3 momentum, impulse.
    * * *
    1 moment
    ■ ¡espera un momento! hang on a moment!
    2 (período) time
    3 (oportunidad) time, moment
    \
    a cada momento every second, all the time
    al momento immediately
    de momento for the moment
    de un momento a otro any minute now
    del momento (en el pasado) of the time, of that time 2 (de ahora) current, present-day
    desde el momento en que... (en cuanto) from the moment..., as soon as...
    ■ desde el momento en que te vi... from the moment I saw you...
    en cualquier momento at any moment, at any time
    en este momento at the moment
    por el momento for the time being
    por momentos by the minute
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) time
    •
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=instante) moment

    -¡Juan, ven aquí! -¡un momento! — "come here, Juan" - "just a minute o moment!"

    • llegará en breves momentos — she'll be here shortly

    • en este momento — at the moment, right now

    • no dejó de apoyarme en ningún momento — she never stopped supporting me for a moment

    • en un primer momento — at first

    • estuvo a mi lado en todo momento — he was at my side the whole time

    • en un momento — in next to no time

    2) (=rato)
    3) (=época) time

    • del momento, la música más representativa del momento — the music which is most representative of current trends

    4) (=coyuntura)

    • ha llegado el momento de hacer algo — the time has come to do sth

    • en el momento oportuno — at the right time

    • ser buen/mal momento para hacer algo — to be a good/bad time to do sth

    • todo se hará en su momento — we'll do everything in good time o when the time comes

    5) [otras locuciones]

    • al momento — at once

    • a cada momento se despertaba y pedía agua — she kept waking up and asking for water, she was constantly waking up and asking for water

    • en cualquier momento — any time now

    • en un momento dado, en un momento dado, conseguí sujetarlo del brazo — at one stage I managed to grab hold of his arm

    en un momento dado, yo mismo puedo echarte una mano — I could give you a hand some time, if necessary

    • de momento — for the moment

    de momento no lo reconocí, pero luego recordé su cara — at first I didn't recognize him, but then I remembered his face

    • desde el momento en que, los impuestos, desde el momento en que son obligatorios, son una extorsión — since taxes are compulsory, they amount to extortion

    • en el momento — straight away

    • de un momento a otro — any minute now

    • en el momento menos pensado — when least expected

    • por momentos — by the minute

    • por el momento — for the time being, for now

    6) (Mec) momentum, moment
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( instante puntual) moment
    b) ( lapso breve) minute, moment

    un momentito! — ( por teléfono) just a moment, just a minute

    c) (época, período) time, period
    d) ( ocasión) time

    llegas en buen/mal momento — you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time

    en ningún momento — never, at no time

    e) ( tiempo presente) moment

    de momento: de momento se siente bien she feels all right at the moment; de momento se va a quedar en mi casa she's going to stay with me for the time being; dejemos este asunto de momento let's forget this matter for the moment; desde el momento que (CS) since, as, seeing as (colloq); de un momento al otro: están por llegar de un momento al otro they'll be arriving any minute now; cambia de opinión de un momento al otro she changes her mind from one minute to the next; en cualquier momento: puedes llamar en cualquier momento you can call at any time; pueden llegar en cualquier momento they could arrive any time now o at any moment; en el momento immediately; en el momento menos pensado when they/you/we least expect it; en un momento dado at a given moment; si en un momento dado tu quisieras... if at any o some time you should want to...; por el momento for the time being; por momentos: el frío aumenta por momentos it's getting colder by the minute; su estado empeoraba por momentos — her condition was deteriorating from one minute to the next

    3) (Fís, Mec) momentum
    * * *
    = instant in time, point, time, moment.
    Ex. This should suffice to guarantee the integrity of the catalog at any given instant in time.
    Ex. The online catalog will then contain information about periodical issues from that point.
    Ex. Because reorganisation allows the optimization of update and searching procedures, it moves the maintenance to a time when it does not affect the operation of the system.
    Ex. There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    ----
    * alcanzar el momento cumbre = reach + summit.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento = peak.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento demasiado pronto = peak + too early.
    * al momento = while-you-wait [while-u-wait].
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * aprovechar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * atravesando momentos difíciles = beleaguered.
    * a último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * capturar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * del momento = of the time(s).
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * detenerse por un momento = pause.
    * de último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * de un momento a otro = momentarily, at any moment.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el momento preciso = the point in time at which.
    * el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.
    * en algún momento = somewhere along the line, sometime, at sometime, at some point, at some point in time, at one time or another.
    * en aquel momento = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time.
    * en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en cualquier otro momento = some other time.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en el mejor momento de Uno = at + Posesivo + (very) best.
    * en el momento = on the spot.
    * en el momento actual = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * en el momento adecuado = at the right time.
    * en el momento de = at the time (that/of).
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en el momento de la impresión = at the time of going to print.
    * en el momento en que se necesita = at the point-of-need, at the point of use, point of use.
    * en el momento en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el momento justo = on cue.
    * en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * en el momento peor de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.
    * en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.
    * en ese momento = at that point, at this point, at that time, just then, at that point in time.
    * en este momento = at this point, at this stage, at this juncture, at this time, at this moment in time, right now.
    * en ningún momento = at no time, anywhere along the line.
    * en otro momento = some other time.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en su debido momento = in due time.
    * en su mejor momento = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en su momento = in timely fashion.
    * en su momento álgido = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en un determinado momento = at one point.
    * en un momento = in a time, in a flash.
    * en un momento concreto = at a particular point in time, at a particular point in time.
    * en un momento dado = at a given point in time, at any one time, at any given point, at one particular time, at any given time, at any given moment, at a given moment in time, at a given moment.
    * en un momento de = at a time of, at one stage of.
    * en un momento de apuro = if it comes to the crunch.
    * en un momento de apuros = when push comes to shove, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst.
    * en un momento de cabreo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enfado = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enojo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento determinado = on any one occasion.
    * en un momento en el que = at a time when.
    * en unos momentos = momentarily, at any moment.
    * es el momento adecuado = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es el momento oportuno = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * esperar su momento = wait in + the wings, stand in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.
    * estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.
    * estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.
    * estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.
    * hace un momento = a moment ago.
    * hace unos momentos = a few moments ago.
    * hasta aquel momento = until that time.
    * hasta el momento = as yet.
    * hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.
    * hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.
    * hasta ese momento = up to that point.
    * hasta este momento = up to this point.
    * justo en ese momento = just then.
    * llegado el momento de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * llegado este momento = at this juncture, at this point.
    * llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.
    * llegar el momento en el que = reach + the point where.
    * lograr el momento de = reach + point of.
    * moda del momento = flavour of the month, sizzle.
    * momento álgido = climax.
    * momento apropiado para el aprendizaje, el = teachable moment, the.
    * momento clave = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento clave del cambio = tipping point.
    * momento crucial = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento decisivo = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento escogido = timing.
    * momento + llegar = time + approach.
    * momento oportuno = timing.
    * momentos = moments.
    * momentos álgidos = high.
    * momentos alocados = heady days.
    * momentos bajos = low.
    * momentos culminantes = highlights.
    * momentos de presión = the heat is on.
    * momentos de tensión = the heat is on.
    * momentos emocionantes = heady days.
    * no estar en el mejor momento de Uno = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * pensar un momento en = spare + a thought for.
    * por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.
    * por un momento = for a moment.
    * por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.
    * proporcionar el + Nombre + adecuado al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento ad = provide + the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * salir un momento a = pop down to.
    * ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento (de) = be the time to.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * un mejor momento = a better time.
    * un momento determinado = a frozen moment in time, a given moment in time.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( instante puntual) moment
    b) ( lapso breve) minute, moment

    un momentito! — ( por teléfono) just a moment, just a minute

    c) (época, período) time, period
    d) ( ocasión) time

    llegas en buen/mal momento — you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time

    en ningún momento — never, at no time

    e) ( tiempo presente) moment

    de momento: de momento se siente bien she feels all right at the moment; de momento se va a quedar en mi casa she's going to stay with me for the time being; dejemos este asunto de momento let's forget this matter for the moment; desde el momento que (CS) since, as, seeing as (colloq); de un momento al otro: están por llegar de un momento al otro they'll be arriving any minute now; cambia de opinión de un momento al otro she changes her mind from one minute to the next; en cualquier momento: puedes llamar en cualquier momento you can call at any time; pueden llegar en cualquier momento they could arrive any time now o at any moment; en el momento immediately; en el momento menos pensado when they/you/we least expect it; en un momento dado at a given moment; si en un momento dado tu quisieras... if at any o some time you should want to...; por el momento for the time being; por momentos: el frío aumenta por momentos it's getting colder by the minute; su estado empeoraba por momentos — her condition was deteriorating from one minute to the next

    3) (Fís, Mec) momentum
    * * *
    = instant in time, point, time, moment.

    Ex: This should suffice to guarantee the integrity of the catalog at any given instant in time.

    Ex: The online catalog will then contain information about periodical issues from that point.
    Ex: Because reorganisation allows the optimization of update and searching procedures, it moves the maintenance to a time when it does not affect the operation of the system.
    Ex: There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    * alcanzar el momento cumbre = reach + summit.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento = peak.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento demasiado pronto = peak + too early.
    * al momento = while-you-wait [while-u-wait].
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * aprovechar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * atravesando momentos difíciles = beleaguered.
    * a último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * capturar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * del momento = of the time(s).
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * detenerse por un momento = pause.
    * de último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * de un momento a otro = momentarily, at any moment.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el momento preciso = the point in time at which.
    * el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.
    * en algún momento = somewhere along the line, sometime, at sometime, at some point, at some point in time, at one time or another.
    * en aquel momento = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time.
    * en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en cualquier otro momento = some other time.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en el mejor momento de Uno = at + Posesivo + (very) best.
    * en el momento = on the spot.
    * en el momento actual = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * en el momento adecuado = at the right time.
    * en el momento de = at the time (that/of).
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en el momento de la impresión = at the time of going to print.
    * en el momento en que se necesita = at the point-of-need, at the point of use, point of use.
    * en el momento en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el momento justo = on cue.
    * en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * en el momento peor de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.
    * en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.
    * en ese momento = at that point, at this point, at that time, just then, at that point in time.
    * en este momento = at this point, at this stage, at this juncture, at this time, at this moment in time, right now.
    * en ningún momento = at no time, anywhere along the line.
    * en otro momento = some other time.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en su debido momento = in due time.
    * en su mejor momento = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en su momento = in timely fashion.
    * en su momento álgido = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en un determinado momento = at one point.
    * en un momento = in a time, in a flash.
    * en un momento concreto = at a particular point in time, at a particular point in time.
    * en un momento dado = at a given point in time, at any one time, at any given point, at one particular time, at any given time, at any given moment, at a given moment in time, at a given moment.
    * en un momento de = at a time of, at one stage of.
    * en un momento de apuro = if it comes to the crunch.
    * en un momento de apuros = when push comes to shove, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst.
    * en un momento de cabreo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enfado = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enojo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento determinado = on any one occasion.
    * en un momento en el que = at a time when.
    * en unos momentos = momentarily, at any moment.
    * es el momento adecuado = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es el momento oportuno = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * esperar su momento = wait in + the wings, stand in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.
    * estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.
    * estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.
    * estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.
    * hace un momento = a moment ago.
    * hace unos momentos = a few moments ago.
    * hasta aquel momento = until that time.
    * hasta el momento = as yet.
    * hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.
    * hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.
    * hasta ese momento = up to that point.
    * hasta este momento = up to this point.
    * justo en ese momento = just then.
    * llegado el momento de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * llegado este momento = at this juncture, at this point.
    * llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.
    * llegar el momento en el que = reach + the point where.
    * lograr el momento de = reach + point of.
    * moda del momento = flavour of the month, sizzle.
    * momento álgido = climax.
    * momento apropiado para el aprendizaje, el = teachable moment, the.
    * momento clave = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento clave del cambio = tipping point.
    * momento crucial = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento decisivo = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento escogido = timing.
    * momento + llegar = time + approach.
    * momento oportuno = timing.
    * momentos = moments.
    * momentos álgidos = high.
    * momentos alocados = heady days.
    * momentos bajos = low.
    * momentos culminantes = highlights.
    * momentos de presión = the heat is on.
    * momentos de tensión = the heat is on.
    * momentos emocionantes = heady days.
    * no estar en el mejor momento de Uno = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * pensar un momento en = spare + a thought for.
    * por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.
    * por un momento = for a moment.
    * por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.
    * proporcionar el + Nombre + adecuado al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento ad = provide + the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * salir un momento a = pop down to.
    * ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento (de) = be the time to.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * un mejor momento = a better time.
    * un momento determinado = a frozen moment in time, a given moment in time.

    * * *
    A
    justo en ese momento sonó el teléfono just at that moment the telephone rang
    ¿tiene que ser en este preciso momento? does it have to be right this minute o right now?
    me ayudó en todo momento he helped me at all times
    a partir de ese momento from that moment on
    en este momento no está she's not in right now o at the moment
    en este momento acaba de irse she's just this minute left
    en un primer momento pensé que era mentira at first I thought it was a lie
    2 (lapso breve) minute, moment
    empieza dentro de un momento it starts in a minute o moment
    eso te lo arreglo yo en un momento I'll fix that for you in no time at all
    ¡un momentito! (por teléfono) just a moment o just a minute
    miraba el reloj a cada momento she kept looking at her watch every two minutes
    no para ni un momento she's on the go the whole time
    3 (época, período) time, period
    el país atraviesa momentos difíciles the country is going through a difficult time o period
    el momento de mayor esplendor de nuestras letras the most brilliant time o period in our literary history
    está en su mejor momento he is at his peak
    4 (ocasión) time
    llegas en buen/mal momento you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time
    no es momento ahora para hablar de eso this isn't the time to talk about that
    cuando llegue el momento when the time comes
    en ningún momento he dicho que … I have never said that …, at no time have I said that …
    éste no es momento para ponerse a discutir this is no time to start arguing
    la moda del momento the fashion of the moment
    los temas más importantes del momento político español the most important issues in contemporary Spanish politics
    B ( en locs):
    al momento at once
    cuando te llame quiero que vengas al momento when I call you I want you to come at once
    de momento: de momento se siente bien she feels all right at the moment
    de momento no tiene más remedio que aceptar for the moment he has no alternative but to accept
    de momento se va a quedar en casa con nosotros she's going to stay at home with us for the time being
    desde el momento que (CS); since, as, seeing as ( colloq)
    desde el momento que ni siquiera me contestó la carta since o as o seeing as he didn't even answer my letter
    de un momento al otro: están por llegar de un momento al otro they'll be arriving any minute now
    cambia de opinión de un momento al otro she changes her mind from one minute to the next
    en cualquier momento: puedes llamar en cualquier momento you can call at any time
    en cualquier momento viene y nos dice que se casa any day now he'll come and tell us he's getting married
    en el momento immediately
    me los arreglaron en el momento they repaired them for me immediately o there and then o on the spot
    en el momento menos pensado when they/you/we least expect it
    en un momento dado: la velocidad del vehículo en un momento dado the speed of the vehicle at a given moment
    si en un momento dado tu quisieras … if at any o some time you should want to …, if you should ever want to …
    por el momento: por el momento voy a ir a vivir con mi hermano for the time being I'm going to stay with my brother
    ¿necesitas dinero? — por el momento no do you need any money — not just now o no, for the time being I'm OK
    por el momento te vas a tener que conformar you'll have to make do for now o for the moment
    por momentos: el frío aumenta por momentos it's getting colder by the minute
    su estado empeoraba por momentos her condition was deteriorating from one minute to the next
    C ( Fís, Mec) momentum
    Compuesto:
    moment of inertia
    * * *

     

    momento sustantivo masculino
    1


    a partir de ese momento from that moment on;
    en todo momento at all times

    ◊ dentro de un momento in a minute o moment;

    ¡un momentito! ( por teléfono) just a moment, just a minute;
    eso te lo arreglo en un momento I'll fix that for you in no time at all
    c) (época, período) time, period;

    ◊ atravesamos momentos difíciles we're going through a difficult time o period;

    está en su mejor momento he is at his peak
    d) ( ocasión) time;

    ◊ llegas en buen/mal momento you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time;

    en ningún momento at no time
    2 ( en locs)

    de momento ( ahora mismo) right now;

    ( mientras tanto) for the time being;
    ( por ahora) for the moment;

    en cualquier momento at any time;
    en el momento immediately;
    en el momento menos pensado when they (o you etc) least expect it;
    por el momento for the time being
    3 (Fís, Mec) momentum
    momento sustantivo masculino
    1 (instante) moment
    vivir el momento, to live for the moment
    2 (periodo) time: hablamos un momento, we talked for a minute
    un momento de la historia, a moment in history
    3 (ocasión) no encuentro el momento adecuado, I can't find the right moment
    ya llegará tu momento, you'll have your chance
    ♦ Locuciones: al momento, at once
    de momento/por el momento, for the time being
    de un momento a otro, at any moment
    en un momento dado, at a given moment
    por momentos, by the minute
    ' momento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ahora
    - asomarse
    - callar
    - coger
    - compadre
    - consolidar
    - consolidarse
    - cualquier
    - culminante
    - dada
    - dado
    - derramamiento
    - descansar
    - designar
    - destiempo
    - determinada
    - determinado
    - día
    - encontrar
    - esperar
    - estopa
    - europeísta
    - fecha
    - golpe
    - hacer
    - hora
    - indicada
    - indicado
    - inicial
    - justa
    - justo
    - llegar
    - mal
    - ninguna
    - ninguno
    - oportuna
    - oportuno
    - parar
    - pasarse
    - pensar
    - por
    - precisa
    - preciso
    - relax
    - sostener
    - tigre
    - a
    - acercar
    - actualmente
    - adecuado
    English:
    afterthought
    - all
    - appropriate
    - awkward
    - bear with
    - begrudge
    - bonded warehouse
    - cliff-hanger
    - cue
    - dicey
    - due
    - eleventh
    - evil
    - far
    - for
    - forget
    - hiatus
    - hitherto
    - hot news
    - in
    - inconvenient
    - inopportune
    - instant
    - jiffy
    - just
    - lucky
    - minute
    - moment
    - momentarily
    - momentum
    - move on
    - nutty
    - occasion
    - opportune
    - optimal
    - point
    - pop in
    - pop out
    - pop over
    - pop up
    - proud
    - quick
    - raincheck
    - relax
    - religion
    - right
    - ripe
    - slip down
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    * * *
    1. [instante preciso] moment;
    a partir de este momento from this moment (on);
    desde el momento (en) que… [indica tiempo] from the moment that…;
    [indica causa] seeing as o that…;
    desde ese momento from that moment on, since that moment;
    hasta ese momento until that moment, until then;
    llegará en cualquier momento she'll be arriving any moment now;
    justo en ese momento entró mi padre at that very moment o right then, my father came in;
    en ese momento vivía en Perú I was living in Peru at that time;
    en este momento está reunida she's in a meeting at the moment;
    en el momento menos pensado te puede ocurrir un accidente accidents can happen when you least expect them;
    en todo momento at all times;
    en/hasta el último momento at/right up until the last moment;
    nos permite calcular la temperatura en un momento dado it enables us to calculate the temperature at any given moment;
    si en un momento dado necesitas ayuda, llámame if at any time you need my help, call me;
    momento decisivo turning point;
    el momento de la verdad the moment of truth;
    la situación podría cambiar de un momento a otro the situation could change any minute now o at any moment;
    era difícil predecir lo que iba a pasar de un momento a otro it was hard to predict what was going to happen from one moment to the next
    2. [rato corto] moment, minute;
    ¿puedo hablar un momento contigo? could I speak to you for a moment o minute?;
    sólo será un momento I'll only o I won't be a minute;
    dentro de un momento in a moment o minute;
    le arreglamos sus zapatos en el momento [en letrero] shoes mended while you wait;
    estará preparado en un momento it'll be ready in a moment o minute;
    también Fig
    espera un momento hold on a minute;
    hace un momento a moment ago;
    momentos después moments later;
    sin dudarlo un momento without a moment's hesitation;
    ¡un momento! just a minute!
    3. [periodo] time;
    llegó un momento en que… there came a time when…;
    estamos pasando un mal momento we're going through a difficult spell o Br patch at the moment;
    está en un buen momento (de forma) she's in good form at the moment;
    las reformas fueron rechazadas por los políticos del momento the reforms were rejected by the politicians of the day;
    es el artista del momento he's the artist of the moment;
    en un primer momento initially, at first;
    la película tiene sus (buenos) momentos the movie has its moments
    4. [ocasión] time;
    cuando llegue el momento when the time comes;
    si en algún momento te sientes solo if you ever feel lonely, if at any time you should feel lonely;
    has venido en buen/mal momento you've come at a good/bad time;
    en momentos así at times like this;
    en ningún momento pensé que lo haría at no time did I think that she would do it, I never thought she would do it
    5. Fís moment
    momento angular angular momentum;
    momento de inercia moment of inertia;
    momento lineal momentum;
    6. [en frases]
    a cada momento all the time;
    al momento [inmediatamente] straightaway;
    Am [hasta ahora] at the moment, so far;
    quiere todo lo que pide al momento she expects to get whatever she asks for straightaway;
    Am
    al momento se cuentan 38 muertos at the moment the number of deaths stands at 38, the number of deaths so far stands at 38;
    ¿quieres café? – de momento no do you want some coffee? – not just now o not at the moment;
    te puedes quedar de momento you can stay for now o for the time being;
    de momento estoy de acuerdo contigo for the moment, I'll agree with you;
    por el momento for the time being, for the moment;
    por momentos by the minute;
    me estoy poniendo nerviosa por momentos I'm getting more and more nervous by the minute
    * * *
    m moment;
    a cada momento all the time;
    al momento at once;
    por el momento, de momento for the moment;
    hasta el momento up to now, so far;
    de un momento a otro from one minute to the next;
    desde un primer momento right from the beginning;
    por momentos by the minute;
    no es el momento the time isn’t right;
    atravesar un mal momento, pasar por un momento difícil go through a bad patch;
    estar en su mejor momento be at one’s peak o best
    * * *
    1) : moment, instant
    espera un momentito: wait just a moment
    2) : time, period of time
    momentos difíciles: hard times
    3) : present, moment
    los atletas del momento: the athletes of the moment, today's popular athletes
    4) : momentum
    5)
    al momento : right away, at once
    6)
    de momento : at the moment, for the moment
    7)
    de un momento a otro : any time now
    8)
    por momentos : at times
    * * *
    1. (en general) moment
    ¡espera un momento! hold on a moment!
    2. (período, ocasión) time
    cuando llegue el momento, se lo diré I'll tell him when the time comes
    de momento / por el momento for the moment

    Spanish-English dictionary > momento

  • 19 chi

    who
    di chi è il libro? whose book is this? a chi ha venduto la casa? who did he sell the house to?
    c'è chi dice che some people say that
    chi... chi some... others
    * * *
    chi pron.rel.dimostr. ( colui, colei che) the one (who), the person (who), anyone (who); ( coloro che) those (who), people (who): chi ha risposto al telefono non era al corrente, the person who answered the phone didn't know; non parlo volentieri con chi non conosco, I don't like talking to people I don't know; non conosco chi ha scritto quel libro, I don't know who wrote that book; vorrei conoscere chi ha messo in giro queste voci, I'd like to know who spread that rumour ∙ Nella lingua letter., si usano anche le forme he who, she who, those who: ride bene chi ride ultimo, he laughs best who laughs last; chi s'aiuta, il ciel l'aiuta, God helps those who help themselves; c'è chi dice che non si possa fidare di lui, there are those who say he can't be trusted; non c'è chi possa farlo, there's no one who can do it
    ◆ pron.rel.indef.
    1 ( chiunque) whoever, anyone (who): chi desidera partecipare alla gita deve iscriversi entro venerdì, anyone who wishes (o wishing) to take part in the trip must sign up by Friday; chi ha qualcosa da dire lo dica subito, whoever has anything to say should speak up at once; può entrare chi vuole, l'ingresso è libero, anyone can enter, admittance is free; chi ti ha detto questo ha mentito, whoever told you this was lying
    2 ( qualcuno che) someone (who), somebody (who); ( in frasi negative) no one (who), nobody (who); ( in presenza di altra negazione) anyone (who); anybody (who): c'è chi potrebbe farlo, there's someone who could do it; non c'è chi possa darmi torto, no one could blame me; non ho trovato chi possa aiutarmi, I haven't found anyone who can help me
    3 (chi... chi) some... some, some... others: i giudizi dei critici non sono unanimi: chi lo considera un grande scrittore, chi semplicemente un erudito, the critics are divided: some think he's a great writer, others think he's just a scholar; chi la pensa in un modo, chi ( la pensa) nell'altro, some have one idea, some have another.
    chi pron.interr.
    1 (sogg.) who: chi parla?, who's speaking?; chi sono quelle persone?, who are those people?; ''Chi è?'' ''Sono io'', ''Who is it?'' ''It's me''; chi (lo) sa?, who knows?; chi te l'ha detto?, who told you?; chi l'avrebbe detto che sarebbe diventato presidente?, who would (ever) have said he'd have become President?; chi non ha visto il film ieri sera?, who didn't see the film last night?; mi domando chi abbia avuto un'idea simile, I wonder who could have thought that one up; non saprei a chi rivolgermi, I wouldn't know who to ask // chi sarà mai?, whoever can it be?
    2 (compl.ogg. e indiretto) who; (form.) whom: chi hai conosciuto alla festa?, who did you meet at the party?; a chi scrivi?, who are you writing to?; chi aspettate?, who are you waiting for?
    * * *
    [ki] 1.
    pronome relativo (la persona che) the person who, the one who; (colui che) the man who(m), he who(m) form.; (colei che) the woman who(m), she who(m) form.; (coloro che) the people who(m), those who(m), they who(m) form.

    chi è d'accordo, alzi la mano — those who agree raise your hand

    2.
    1) (qualcuno che) someone who, somebody who

    ho visto chi sai tu — I saw you know who; (in frasi negative)

    2) (chiunque) whoever, anybody (who), anyone (who)

    chi legge, chi dorme — some people are reading, others sleeping

    3.

    "chi è stato?" - "chi lo sa" — "who did it?" - "who knows"

    "l'ho regalato" - "a chi?" — "I gave it away" - "who to?"

    mi chiedo chi sia quel tipo — I wonder who that guy is; (al telefono)

    chi parla, con chi sto parlando? — (may I ask) who's calling? (in domande retoriche)

    chi di voi...? — which of you...?

    4.
    * * *
    chi
    /ki/
      (la persona che) the person who, the one who; (colui che) the man who(m), he who(m) form.; (colei che) the woman who(m), she who(m) form.; (coloro che) the people who(m), those who(m), they who(m) form.; chi è d'accordo, alzi la mano those who agree raise your hand; chi dei due finirà per primo the first one to finish; chi di voi vuole partire those of you who want to leave
    II pron.rel.indef.
     1 (qualcuno che) someone who, somebody who; ho trovato chi può farlo I've found someone who can do it; ho visto chi sai tu I saw you know who; (in frasi negative) non trova chi lo possa aiutare he can't find anyone to help him
     2 (chiunque) whoever, anybody (who), anyone (who); porta chi vuoi bring who you like
     3 (correlativo) chi legge, chi dorme some people are reading, others sleeping
     1 (soggetto) who; (oggetto e complemento indiretto) who, whom form.; chi sa la risposta? who knows the answer? "chi è stato?" - "chi lo sa" "who did it?" - "who knows"; con chi esci? who(m) are you going out with? da chi l'hai preso? who did you get it from? "l'ho regalato" - "a chi?" "I gave it away" - "who to?"; mi chiedo chi sia quel tipo I wonder who that guy is; (al telefono) chi parla, con chi sto parlando? (may I ask) who's calling? (in domande retoriche) chi l'avrebbe detto? who would ever have guessed it?
     2 (entro un gruppo ristretto) which; chi di voi...? which of you...?
     3 di chi di chi è (questo)? whose is this? di chi è l'articolo? the article is by whom? who is the article by?
     a chi lo dici! don't I know it! you tell me! senti chi parla! look who's talking! (toh) chi si vede! look who's here!
    \
    See also notes... (chi.pdf)

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > chi

  • 20 hablar

    v.
    1 to speak.
    hablar en voz alta/baja to speak loudly/softly
    hablar claro to speak clearly
    Ella habla la verdad She speaks the truth.
    2 to talk.
    necesito hablar contigo I need to talk o speak to you, we need to talk
    hablar con alguien por teléfono to speak to somebody on the phone
    hablar de algo to talk about something
    La viejita habla mucho The little old lady talks a lot.
    3 to talk.
    4 to speak (idioma).
    5 to discuss (asunto).
    es mejor que lo hables con él it would be better if you talked to him about it
    6 to talk to, to speak to.
    Ella le habla a Ricardo She talks to Richard.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to speak, talk
    2 (mencionar) to talk, mention
    3 (murmurar) to talk
    4 (dar un tratamiento) to call (de, -)
    5 figurado (salir) to go out
    1 (idioma) to speak
    2 (tratar) to talk over, discuss
    1 (uso recíproco) to speak, talk
    \
    es como hablar a la pared figurado it's like talking to a brick wall
    eso es hablar now you're talking
    estar hablando (cuadro etc) to be almost alive
    hablar a solas to talk to oneself
    hablar alto to speak loud
    ■ ¿puedes hablar más alto? can you speak up, please?
    hablar bajo to speak softly
    hablar bien de alguien to speak well of somebody
    hablar claro to speak plainly
    hablar como un libro (expresarse muy bien) to speak very well, express oneself very clearly 2 (hablar con afectación) to speak affectedly
    hablar con el corazón to speak from the heart
    hablar en broma to be joking
    hablar en cristiano familiar to talk plainly
    hablar en nombre de alguien to speak on somebody's behalf
    hablar mal de alguien to speak badly of somebody
    hablar por hablar to talk for the sake of talking
    hablar por los codos familiar to be a chatterbox
    no hablarse con alguien not to be on speaking terms with somebody
    no hay más que hablar there's nothing more to be said
    no se hable más de ello and that's that
    ¡quién fue a hablar! look who's talking!
    se habla de que... it is said that...
    'Se habla inglés' "English spoken"
    sin hablar de not to mention
    sin hablar palabra without saying a word
    * * *
    verb
    2) talk
    * * *
    1.
    VI to speak, talk (a, con to) (de about, of)

    acabamos de hablar del premio — we were just talking o speaking about the prize

    ¡mira quién fue a hablar! — look who's talking!

    que hable él — let him speak, let him have his say

    ¡hable!, ¡puede hablar! — (Telec) you're through!, go ahead! (EEUU)

    ¿quién habla? — (Telec) who's calling?, who is it?

    • hablar alto — to speak o talk loudly

    • hablar bajo — to speak o talk quietly, speak o talk in a low voice

    • hablar claro — (fig) to speak plainly o bluntly

    • dar que hablar a la gente — to make people talk, cause tongues to wag

    • hablaba en broma — she was joking

    ¿hablas en serio? — are you serious?

    • hacer hablar a algn — to make sb talk

    • hablar por hablar — to talk for talking's sake, talk for the sake of it

    hablamos por teléfono todos los días — we speak on the phone every day, we phone each other every day

    • hablar solo — to talk o speak to o.s.

    ¡ni hablar! —

    -¿vas a ayudarle en la mudanza? -¡ni hablar! — "are you going to help him with the move?" - "no way!" o - "you must be joking!"

    cristiano, plata
    2. VT
    1) [+ idioma] to speak

    habla bien el portugués — he speaks good Portuguese, he speaks Portuguese well

    "se habla inglés" — "English spoken"

    2) (=tratar de)

    • no hay más que hablar — there's nothing more to be said about it

    3) Méx (Telec) to (tele)phone
    3.
    See:
    HABLAR ¿"Speak" o "talk"? ► Se traduce por speak cuando hablar tiene un sentido general, es decir, hace referencia a la emisión de sonidos articulados: Estaba tan conmocionado que no podía hablar He was so shocked that he was unable to speak Su padre antes tartamudeaba al hablar Her father used to stutter when he spoke ► También se emplea speak cuando nos referimos a la capacidad de hablar un idioma: Habla francés y alemán She speaks French and German ► Cuando hablar implica la participación de más de una persona, es decir, se trata de una conversación, una charla, o un comentario, entonces se traduce por talk. Es una de esas personas que no para de hablar He's one of those people who won't stop talking ► Para traducir la construcción hablar con alguien podemos utilizar talk to ( talk with en el inglés de EE.UU.) o, si el uso es más formal, se puede emplear speak to ( speak with en el inglés de EE.UU.): Vi a Manolo hablando animadamente con un grupo de turistas I saw Manolo talking o speaking animatedly to o with a group of tourists ► Si queremos especificar el idioma en que se desarrolla la conversación, se puede emplear tanto talk como speak, aunque este último se usa en un lenguaje más formal: Me sorprendió bastante verla hablar en francés con tanta soltura I was surprised to see her talking o speaking (in) French so fluently Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( articular palabras) to speak

    hablar en voz baja — to speak o talk quietly

    2) ( expresarse) to speak

    déjalo hablar — let him speak, let him have his say (colloq)

    hablar claro — ( claramente) to speak clearly; ( francamente) to speak frankly

    mira quién habla or quién fue a hablar — (fam) look o hark who's talking (colloq)

    hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of it

    quien mucho habla mucho yerra — the more you talk, the more mistakes you'll make

    3)
    a) ( conversar) to talk

    tengo que hablarte or que hablar contigo — I need to speak to you o have a word with you

    hablando se entiende la gente — (fr hecha) the way to work things out is by talking

    hablar con alguien — to speak o talk to somebody

    ni hablar: de eso ni hablar that's totally out of the question; ni hablar! no way! (colloq), no chance! (colloq); nos castigaron por hablar en clase — we were punished for talking in class

    b) ( murmurar) to talk

    dar que hablar — to start people talking

    ¿quién habla? — who's speaking o calling?

    ¿con quién hablo? — who am I speaking with (AmE) o (BrE) speaking to?

    4) (tratar, referirse a)

    hablar de algo/alguien — to talk about something/somebody

    hablar de negocios — to talk (about) o discuss business

    lo dejamos en 10.000 y no se hable más (de ello) — let's say 10,000 and be done with it

    el viaje en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión — going by train is expensive, and as for flying...

    hablar sobre or acerca de algo — to talk about something

    5) ( bajo coacción) to talk
    6)
    a) ( dar discurso) to speak

    el rey habló a la nación — the king spoke to o addressed the nation

    b) ( dirigirse a) to speak

    háblale de tú — use the `tú' form with him

    7)

    hablar de + inf — to talk of -ing, talk about -ing

    b) ( rumorear)

    se habla de que va a renunciar — it is said o rumored that she's going to resign

    8) (Méx) ( por teléfono) to call, phone
    2.
    hablar vt
    1) < idioma> to speak
    2) ( tratar)

    háblalo con ella — speak o talk to her about it

    3) (fam) ( decir)

    no hables disparates or tonterías — don't talk nonsense

    3.
    hablarse v pron

    no se habla con ella — he's not speaking o talking to her, he's not on speaking terms with her

    * * *
    = speak, talk, share + Posesivo + view, speak up, chat.
    Ex. If, however, you wish to speak another language with DOBIS/LIBIS, enter the name of that language in this field by typing over the language displayed.
    Ex. The philosophy was that every computer on the network would talk, as a peer, with any other computer.
    Ex. The aim is to encourage children to read more and to share their views on the books they read.
    Ex. 'When you've been here a while, you'll see that it's hard to avoid run-ins with her,' Lehmann spoke up.
    Ex. The guest might be better employed seeing small groups half a dozen or so for quarter of an hour, when they could chat about anything that crops up.
    ----
    * conseguir hablar con = catch up with.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours, raise + eyebrows.
    * del que estamos hablando = in question.
    * empezar a hablar de = make + noises about, make + a noise about.
    * estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.
    * estrictamente hablando = strictly speaking.
    * extasiarse hablando de Algo = wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous.
    * forma de hablar = manner of speaking.
    * hablando de Roma, por la puerta asoma = speak of the devil, talk of the devil.
    * hablando en plata = crudely put.
    * hablando en términos muy generales = crudely put.
    * hablando figuradamente = figuratively speaking.
    * hablando por teléfono = on the line.
    * hablando sinceramente = straight talk.
    * hablando sin rodeos = crudely put.
    * hablando sin tapujos = straight talk.
    * hablar a = speak to.
    * hablar a calzón quitado = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar a favor de = speak up for.
    * hablar alto = be loud.
    * hablar al unísono = speak with + one voice.
    * hablar antes de tiempo = speak too soon.
    * hablar bajo = speak + low.
    * hablar ceceando = lisp.
    * hablar claro = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar como una cotorra = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar con = check with, speak with, talk with, speak to.
    * hablar con diplomacia = say + the right thing.
    * hablar con entusiasmo = gush about.
    * hablar con la boca llena = speak with + Posesivo + mouth full, talk with + Posesivo + mouth full.
    * hablar con la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.
    * hablar con ritmo y rima = rap about.
    * hablar de = be on about, talk about, tell of.
    * hablar de boquilla = pay + lip service.
    * hablar del asunto con = take + the matter + up with.
    * hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.
    * hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.
    * hablar despectivamente = speak + disparagingly.
    * hablar efusivamente = gush about.
    * hablar emotivamente y con efusividad = gush about.
    * hablar en contra de = speak against.
    * hablar en falso = speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue.
    * hablar en favor de = put + a word in for.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar en plata = put + it crudely.
    * hablar en público = public speaking, speak in + public.
    * hablar entre dientes = mumble, mutter.
    * hablar entre dientes sin ser entendido = mumble.
    * hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * hablar explícitamente = speak out.
    * hablar hasta por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar hasta reventar = talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar incoherentmente = babble.
    * hablar mal de = speak against, speak out against, speak + ill of, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, slate, diss.
    * hablar maravillas de = praise.
    * hablar más de la cuenta = shoot + Posesivo + mouth off.
    * hablar muy bien de = rave about, rant and rave.
    * hablar pestes = trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.
    * hablar por hablar = waffle, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * hablar por la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off, talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.
    * hablarse = on speaking terms.
    * hablarse bien de Algo o Alguien = be well spoken of.
    * hablar sin decir nada = waffle.
    * hablar sin parar = burble on.
    * hablar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.
    * hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar sin ton ni son = talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * llevar a hablar de una cuestión = bring up + issue.
    * loro viejo no aprende a hablar = you can't teach an old dog new tricks, you can't teach an old dog new tricks.
    * ¡mira quién habla! = look who's talking!.
    * ¡ni hablar! = no dice!.
    * ¡ni hablar del caso! = no dice!.
    * persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * saber de lo que Uno estar hablando = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.
    * volver a hablar innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].
    * ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( articular palabras) to speak

    hablar en voz baja — to speak o talk quietly

    2) ( expresarse) to speak

    déjalo hablar — let him speak, let him have his say (colloq)

    hablar claro — ( claramente) to speak clearly; ( francamente) to speak frankly

    mira quién habla or quién fue a hablar — (fam) look o hark who's talking (colloq)

    hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of it

    quien mucho habla mucho yerra — the more you talk, the more mistakes you'll make

    3)
    a) ( conversar) to talk

    tengo que hablarte or que hablar contigo — I need to speak to you o have a word with you

    hablando se entiende la gente — (fr hecha) the way to work things out is by talking

    hablar con alguien — to speak o talk to somebody

    ni hablar: de eso ni hablar that's totally out of the question; ni hablar! no way! (colloq), no chance! (colloq); nos castigaron por hablar en clase — we were punished for talking in class

    b) ( murmurar) to talk

    dar que hablar — to start people talking

    ¿quién habla? — who's speaking o calling?

    ¿con quién hablo? — who am I speaking with (AmE) o (BrE) speaking to?

    4) (tratar, referirse a)

    hablar de algo/alguien — to talk about something/somebody

    hablar de negocios — to talk (about) o discuss business

    lo dejamos en 10.000 y no se hable más (de ello) — let's say 10,000 and be done with it

    el viaje en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión — going by train is expensive, and as for flying...

    hablar sobre or acerca de algo — to talk about something

    5) ( bajo coacción) to talk
    6)
    a) ( dar discurso) to speak

    el rey habló a la nación — the king spoke to o addressed the nation

    b) ( dirigirse a) to speak

    háblale de tú — use the `tú' form with him

    7)

    hablar de + inf — to talk of -ing, talk about -ing

    b) ( rumorear)

    se habla de que va a renunciar — it is said o rumored that she's going to resign

    8) (Méx) ( por teléfono) to call, phone
    2.
    hablar vt
    1) < idioma> to speak
    2) ( tratar)

    háblalo con ella — speak o talk to her about it

    3) (fam) ( decir)

    no hables disparates or tonterías — don't talk nonsense

    3.
    hablarse v pron

    no se habla con ella — he's not speaking o talking to her, he's not on speaking terms with her

    * * *
    = speak, talk, share + Posesivo + view, speak up, chat.

    Ex: If, however, you wish to speak another language with DOBIS/LIBIS, enter the name of that language in this field by typing over the language displayed.

    Ex: The philosophy was that every computer on the network would talk, as a peer, with any other computer.
    Ex: The aim is to encourage children to read more and to share their views on the books they read.
    Ex: 'When you've been here a while, you'll see that it's hard to avoid run-ins with her,' Lehmann spoke up.
    Ex: The guest might be better employed seeing small groups half a dozen or so for quarter of an hour, when they could chat about anything that crops up.
    * conseguir hablar con = catch up with.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours, raise + eyebrows.
    * del que estamos hablando = in question.
    * empezar a hablar de = make + noises about, make + a noise about.
    * estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.
    * estrictamente hablando = strictly speaking.
    * extasiarse hablando de Algo = wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous.
    * forma de hablar = manner of speaking.
    * hablando de Roma, por la puerta asoma = speak of the devil, talk of the devil.
    * hablando en plata = crudely put.
    * hablando en términos muy generales = crudely put.
    * hablando figuradamente = figuratively speaking.
    * hablando por teléfono = on the line.
    * hablando sinceramente = straight talk.
    * hablando sin rodeos = crudely put.
    * hablando sin tapujos = straight talk.
    * hablar a = speak to.
    * hablar a calzón quitado = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar a favor de = speak up for.
    * hablar alto = be loud.
    * hablar al unísono = speak with + one voice.
    * hablar antes de tiempo = speak too soon.
    * hablar bajo = speak + low.
    * hablar ceceando = lisp.
    * hablar claro = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar como una cotorra = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar con = check with, speak with, talk with, speak to.
    * hablar con diplomacia = say + the right thing.
    * hablar con entusiasmo = gush about.
    * hablar con la boca llena = speak with + Posesivo + mouth full, talk with + Posesivo + mouth full.
    * hablar con la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.
    * hablar con ritmo y rima = rap about.
    * hablar de = be on about, talk about, tell of.
    * hablar de boquilla = pay + lip service.
    * hablar del asunto con = take + the matter + up with.
    * hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.
    * hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.
    * hablar despectivamente = speak + disparagingly.
    * hablar efusivamente = gush about.
    * hablar emotivamente y con efusividad = gush about.
    * hablar en contra de = speak against.
    * hablar en falso = speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue.
    * hablar en favor de = put + a word in for.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar en plata = put + it crudely.
    * hablar en público = public speaking, speak in + public.
    * hablar entre dientes = mumble, mutter.
    * hablar entre dientes sin ser entendido = mumble.
    * hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * hablar explícitamente = speak out.
    * hablar hasta por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar hasta reventar = talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar incoherentmente = babble.
    * hablar mal de = speak against, speak out against, speak + ill of, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, slate, diss.
    * hablar maravillas de = praise.
    * hablar más de la cuenta = shoot + Posesivo + mouth off.
    * hablar muy bien de = rave about, rant and rave.
    * hablar pestes = trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.
    * hablar por hablar = waffle, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * hablar por la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off, talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.
    * hablarse = on speaking terms.
    * hablarse bien de Algo o Alguien = be well spoken of.
    * hablar sin decir nada = waffle.
    * hablar sin parar = burble on.
    * hablar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.
    * hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar sin ton ni son = talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * llevar a hablar de una cuestión = bring up + issue.
    * loro viejo no aprende a hablar = you can't teach an old dog new tricks, you can't teach an old dog new tricks.
    * ¡mira quién habla! = look who's talking!.
    * ¡ni hablar! = no dice!.
    * ¡ni hablar del caso! = no dice!.
    * persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * saber de lo que Uno estar hablando = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.
    * volver a hablar innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].
    * ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.

    * * *
    hablar [A1 ]
    ■ hablar (verbo intransitivo)
    A articular palabras
    B
    1 expresarse
    2 hablar + complemento
    C
    1 conversar
    2 charlar
    3 murmurar
    4 en conversaciones telefónicas
    D tratar, referirse a
    E bajo coacción
    F
    1 dar un discurso
    2 dirigirse a
    G
    1 anunciar un propósito
    2 rumorear
    H recordar
    I tener relaciones
    J México: por teléfono
    ■ hablar (verbo transitivo)
    A hablar: idioma
    B tratar, consultar
    C decir
    ■ hablarse (verbo pronominal)
    vi
    hablar en voz baja to speak o talk quietly, to speak o talk in a low voice
    habla más alto speak up
    habla más bajo don't speak so loudly, keep your voice down
    habla con un deje andaluz she speaks with a slight Andalusian accent, she has a slight Andalusian accent
    quítate la mano de la boca y habla claro take your hand away from your mouth and speak clearly
    es muy pequeño, todavía no sabe hablar he's still a baby, he hasn't started to talk yet o he isn't talking yet
    no hables con la boca llena don't talk with your mouth full
    hablar por la nariz to have a nasal voice, to talk through one's nose
    es una réplica perfecta, sólo le falta hablar it's a perfect likeness, you almost expect it to start talking
    B
    1 (expresarse) to speak
    déjalo hablar a él ahora let him speak now, let him have his say now ( colloq)
    no hables hasta que no se te pregunte don't speak until you're spoken to
    habla claro ¿cuánto quieres? tell me straight, how much do you want? ( colloq)
    ha hablado la voz de la experiencia there speaks the voice of experience, he speaks from experience
    las cifras hablan por sí solas the figures speak for themselves
    no sabe de qué va el tema, el caso es hablar he doesn't know what it's all about but he just has to have his say
    en fin, mejor no hablar anyway, I'd better keep my mouth shut
    ¡así se habla! that's what I like to hear!
    hablo en mi nombre y en el de mis compañeros I speak for myself and for my colleagues
    tú no hables or no hace falta que hables ( fam); you're a fine one to talk! ( colloq), you've got no room to talk! ( colloq), you can talk! ( colloq)
    mira quién habla or quién fue a hablar ( fam); look o hark who's talking ( colloq)
    hablar por hablar: no sabe nada del tema, habla por hablar he doesn't know anything about the subject, he just likes the sound of his own voice o he just talks for the sake of it
    hacer hablar a algn: ve a hacerte la cama y no me hagas hablar go and make your bed, and don't let me have to tell you twice o tell you again
    quien mucho habla mucho yerra the more you talk, the more mistakes you'll make
    2 (+ complemento) to speak
    ¿en qué idioma hablan en casa? what language do you speak at home?
    hablar por señas to use sign language
    no sabe hablar en público she's no good at speaking in public
    aunque no coincido con sus ideas, reconozco que habla muy bien even though I do not share his views, I accept that he is a very good speaker
    (el) hablar bien no cuesta dinero being polite never hurt anybody
    C
    1 (conversar) to talk
    está hablando con el vecino de arriba he's talking o speaking to the man from upstairs
    se pasaron toda la noche hablando they spent the whole night talking o ( colloq) chatting
    estaba hablando conmigo mismo I was talking to myself
    lo conozco de vista, pero nunca he hablado con él I know him by sight, but I've never actually spoken to him
    tú y yo tenemos que hablar you and I must have a talk, you and I have to talk
    ¿podemos hablar a solas un momento? can I have a word with you in private?, can I talk to you alone for a moment?
    no te vayas, tengo que hablarte or tengo que hablar contigo don't go, I need to speak to you o have a word with you
    para hablar con el director hay que solicitar entrevista you have to get an appointment if you want to speak to o see the director
    habla tú con él, quizás a ti te escuche you talk to him, maybe he'll listen to you
    es como si estuviera hablando con las paredes it's like talking to a brick wall
    hablar por teléfono/por el celular ( AmL) or el móvil ( Esp) to talk on the phone/cell phone ( AmE) o mobile ( BrE)
    hablando se entiende la gente ( fr hecha); if you/they talk it over you'll/they'll sort it out
    ni hablar: pretende que cargue con su trabajo y de eso ni hablar he wants me to do his work but there's no way that I'm going to
    ¿estarías dispuesto a hacerlo? — ¡ni hablar! would you be willing to do it? — no way o not likely o no chance! ( colloq)
    2 (charlar) to talk
    nos castigaron por hablar en clase we were punished for talking in class
    se pasó el día habla que te habla she talked nonstop the whole day ( colloq)
    3 (murmurar) to talk
    no hagas caso, a la gente le gusta mucho hablar don't take any notice, people just like to talk o gossip
    dar que hablar: si sigues actuando de esa manera, vas a dar que hablar if you carry on like that, people will start talking o tongues will start to wag
    4
    (en conversaciones telefónicas): ¿quién habla? who's speaking o calling?
    ¿con quién hablo? who am I speaking with ( AmE) o ( BrE) speaking to?
    D (tratar, referirse a) hablar DE algo/algn to talk ABOUT sth/sb
    ¿de qué están hablando? what are you talking about?
    hay muchas cosas de las que no puedo hablar con ella there are a lot of things I can't talk to her about
    tú y yo no tenemos nada de que hablar you and I have nothing to say to each other o nothing to discuss
    se pasaron toda la tarde hablando de negocios they spent the whole evening talking (about) o discussing business
    precisamente hablábamos de ti we were just talking about you
    estaban hablando de él a sus espaldas they were talking about him behind his back
    siempre está hablando mal de su suegra he never has anything good o a good word to say about his mother-in-law
    lo dejamos en 10.000 y no se hable más (de ello) let's say 10,000 and be done with it
    el viaje en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión going by train is expensive, and as for flying …
    en su libro habla de un tiempo futuro en el que … in his book he writes about o speaks of a time in the future when …
    hablar SOBREor ACERCA de algo to talk ABOUT sth
    ya hablaremos sobre ese tema en el momento oportuno we'll talk about that when the time comes
    hablar DE algo/algn to talk ABOUT sth/sb
    tengo que hablarte de algo importante there's something important I have to talk to you about
    háblame de tus planes para el futuro tell me about your plans for the future
    no sé de qué me estás hablando I don't know what you're talking about
    me han hablado mucho de ese restaurante I've heard a lot about that restaurant
    me han hablado muy bien de él people speak very highly of him, I've heard a lot of nice o good things about him
    Laura me ha hablado mucho de ti Laura's told me a lot about you
    hablemos de usted let's talk about you
    le he hablado al director de tu caso I've mentioned your case to the director, I've spoken to the director about your case
    no lograron hacerlo hablar they couldn't get him to talk
    F
    esta noche hablará por la radio he will speak on the radio tonight
    el rey habló a la nación the king spoke to o addressed the nation
    2 (dirigirse a) to speak
    haz el favor de no hablarme en ese tono please don't talk o speak to me in that tone of voice, please don't use that tone of voice with me
    ¿qué manera es ésa de hablarle a tu madre? that's no way to speak to your mother!
    no le hables de tú don't use the `tu' form with o to him
    díselo tú porque a mí no me habla you tell him because he isn't talking o speaking to me
    lleva una semana sin hablarme he hasn't spoken to me for a week
    G
    1 (anunciar un propósito) hablar DE + INF to talk OF -ING, talk ABOUT -ING
    se está hablando de construir una carretera nueva they're talking of o about building a new road, there's talk of a new road being built
    mucho hablar de ahorrar y va y se compra esto all this talk of saving and he goes and buys this!
    2 (rumorear) hablar DE algo:
    se habla ya de miles de víctimas there is already talk of thousands of casualties
    se habla de que va a renunciar it is said o rumored that she's going to resign, they say o people say that she's going to resign
    H ( liter) (recordar) hablar DE algo:
    unos monumentos que hablan de la grandeza de aquella época monuments which tell of o reflect the grandeur of that era
    I ( ant) (tener relaciones) to court ( dated)
    J ( México) (por teléfono) to call, phone, ring ( BrE)
    te habló Laura Laura called o phoned o ( BrE) rang
    ■ hablar
    vt
    A ‹idioma› to speak
    habla el idioma con mucha soltura he speaks the language fluently
    [ S ] se habla español Spanish spoken
    B (tratar, consultar) to talk about, discuss
    háblalo con tu padre speak o talk to your father about it
    eso ya lo hablaremos más adelante we'll talk about that o discuss that later
    esto vamos a tener que hablarlo con más tiempo we're going to have to talk about o discuss this when we have more time
    ya está todo resuelto, no hay (nada) más que hablar it's all settled, there's nothing more to discuss o say
    C ( fam)
    (decir): no hables disparates or tonterías don't talk nonsense, don't talk garbage ( AmE colloq), don't talk rubbish ( BrE colloq)
    no habló ni una palabra en toda la reunión he didn't say a word throughout the whole meeting
    llevan meses sin hablarse they haven't spoken to each other for months
    ¿piensas seguir toda la vida sin hablarte con ella? are you never going to speak to her again?, aren't you ever going to talk to her again?
    * * *

     

    hablar ( conjugate hablar) verbo intransitivo
    1


    habla más bajo keep your voice down



    ( francamente) to speak frankly;

    un político que habla muy bien a politician who is a very good speaker;
    hablar por hablar to talk for the sake of it
    2


    tenemos que hablar we must (have a) talk;
    hablar con algn to speak o talk to sb;
    tengo que hablarte or que hablar contigo I need to speak to you o have a word with you;
    está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone;
    ¡ni hablar! no way! (colloq), no chance! (colloq)


    ◊ dar que hablar to start people talking

    d) ( rumorear):


    se habla de que va a renunciar it is said o rumored that she's going to resign

    ◊ ¿con quién hablo? who am I speaking with (AmE) o (BrE) speaking to?

    3
    a) (tratar, referirse a) hablar de algo/algn to talk about sth/sb;

    ◊ hablar de negocios to talk (about) o discuss business;

    siempre habla mal de ella he never has a good word to say about her;
    hablan muy bien de él people speak very highly of him;
    me ha hablado mucho de ti she's told me a lot about you;
    en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión going by train is expensive, and as for flying …;
    háblame de tus planes tell me about your plans;
    hablar sobre or acerca de algo to talk about sth


    háblale de tú use the `tú' form with him
    c) ( anunciar propósito) hablar de hacer algo to talk of doing sth;


    4 (Méx) ( por teléfono) to call, phone
    verbo transitivo
    1 ‹ idioma› to speak
    2 ( tratar):

    ya lo hablaremos más adelante we'll talk about o discuss that later
    hablarse verbo pronominal:

    no se habla con ella he's not speaking o talking to her, he's not on speaking terms with her
    hablar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to speak, talk: estaba hablando con Jorge, I was speaking to Jorge
    habla muy mal de su marido, she speaks badly of her husband
    2 (charlar) to talk, chat: le encanta hablar por teléfono, he loves chatting on the phone
    3 (tratar, versar) to talk about: este artículo habla de los extraterrestres, this article deals with aliens
    4 (referirse) no hablaba de ella, I wasn't talking about her
    habla de él como si de un dios se tratara, you would have thought she was talking about a god from the way she spoke about him
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (una lengua) to speak: habla francés, he speaks French
    2 (discutir, tratar) to talk over, discuss: háblalo con tu madre, talk it over with your mother
    no tengo nada que hablar contigo, I've nothing to say to you
    3 (decir) habla maravillas de su nuevo coche, he's raving on about his new car
    ♦ Locuciones: hablar en broma, to be joking
    familiar ¡mira tú quién fue a hablar!, look who's talking!
    ni hablar, certainly not

    ' hablar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abominar
    - acento
    - alquilar
    - alta
    - alto
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - balbucear
    - broma
    - caldo
    - callar
    - carrete
    - cascar
    - cerrada
    - cerrado
    - cerrarse
    - chistar
    - clara
    - claro
    - codo
    - como
    - contigo
    - correr
    - costar
    - dar
    - dejar
    - deshora
    - despepitarse
    - dialéctica
    - embalarse
    - en
    - enrollarse
    - extenderse
    - fanfarronear
    - gachó
    - gangosa
    - gangoso
    - habla
    - hablarse
    - impertinencia
    - imprudencia
    - íntima
    - íntimo
    - maravilla
    - murmurar
    - ni
    - palabra
    - parar
    - peluquín
    - permitir
    English:
    about
    - abruptly
    - admire
    - afraid
    - age
    - alone
    - approachable
    - babble
    - bitterly
    - blunt
    - bone
    - break off
    - breath
    - breathe
    - captivate
    - confidence
    - crack
    - croak
    - curt
    - delegation
    - directly
    - discuss
    - do
    - dog
    - drawl
    - drone
    - easy
    - evenly
    - fear
    - female
    - fluent
    - go on
    - gush
    - harp on
    - hear of
    - hot air
    - jabber
    - jaw
    - likely
    - male-dominated
    - mimic
    - mouth
    - mutter
    - nasally
    - need
    - nelly
    - nice
    - nonstop
    - oneself
    - pipe up
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [emitir palabras] to speak;
    hablar en voz alta/baja to speak loudly/softly;
    el bebé ya habla the baby is talking already
    2. [expresarse, comunicarse] to speak;
    hablar claro to speak clearly;
    hablar en español/inglés to speak in Spanish/English;
    hablar por señas to use sign language;
    dejar hablar a alguien to let sb speak;
    déjame hablar a mí [como representante] let me do the talking;
    [en discusión] let me get a word in;
    hacer hablar a alguien [a tímido] to get sb talking;
    [en interrogatorio] to get sb to talk;
    hablar solo to talk to oneself;
    estos detalles hablan mucho del tipo de persona que es these small points say a lot about the sort of person she is;
    sus actos hablan por sí solos his actions speak for themselves;
    ¡así se habla! hear, hear!;
    ¡qué bien habla este político! this politician's a really good speaker;
    hablar por hablar to talk for the sake of talking;
    ¡mira quién habla o [m5] quién fue a hablar! look who's talking!
    3. [conversar] to talk ( con o Am a to), to speak ( con o Am a to);
    estaba hablando en broma I was only joking;
    ¿podemos hablar un momento? could I have a word with you?;
    estuvimos toda la noche hablando we talked all night, we spent all night talking;
    no debes hablar en clase you mustn't talk in class;
    necesito hablar contigo I need to talk o speak to you, we need to talk;
    hablé con ella ayer por la noche I spoke to her last night;
    ¿has hablado con él alguna vez? have you ever talked o spoken to him?;
    hablé con él por teléfono I spoke to him on the phone;
    está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone;
    ¡(de eso) ni hablar! no way!;
    4. [tratar]
    hablar de algo/alguien to talk o speak about sth/sb;
    hablar sobre o [m5] acerca de algo to talk o speak about sth;
    hablar bien/mal de to speak well/badly of;
    háblame de ti tell me about yourself;
    me han hablado muy bien de este restaurante I've heard a lot of good things about this restaurant, I've heard people speak very highly of this restaurant;
    mi hermano me ha hablado mucho de ti my brother's told me a lot about you;
    es mejor no hablar del tema it would be best if we didn't mention the subject;
    tenemos muy buenos tenistas, y no hablemos de futbolistas… we have very good tennis players, and as for footballers…
    5. [murmurar] to talk;
    hablar mal de alguien to criticize sb, to run sb down;
    siempre va hablando de los demás she's always going around saying things about o talking about other people;
    dar que hablar to make people talk
    6. [pronunciar un discurso] to speak;
    el presidente habló a las masas the president spoke to o addressed the masses
    7. [confesar] to talk;
    lo torturaron y al final habló they tortured him and in the end he talked
    8. [dar un tratamiento]
    me puedes hablar de tú you can address me as “tú”;
    ¡a mí no me hables así! don't you speak to me like that!
    ♦ vt
    1. [idioma] to speak;
    habla danés y sueco she can speak o she speaks Danish and Swedish;
    habla muy bien el portugués he speaks very good Portuguese
    2. [asunto] to discuss ( con with);
    es mejor que lo hables con el jefe it would be better if you talked to the boss about it;
    vamos a ir, y no hay nada más que hablar we're going, and that's that
    * * *
    v/i
    1 speak;
    hablar alto/bajo speak loudly/softly;
    hablar claro fig say what one means;
    hablar por sí solo fig speak for o.s.
    2 ( conversar) talk;
    hablar con alguien talk to s.o., talk with s.o.
    3
    :
    hablar de de libro etc be about, deal with
    4
    :
    ¡ni hablar! no way!;
    hablar por hablar talk for the sake of it;
    ¡mira quién habla! look who’s talking!;
    no me hagas hablar más I don’t want to have to say this again!;
    no se hable más (del asunto) I don’t want to hear anything more about it;
    por no hablar de … not to mention …
    * * *
    hablar vi
    1) : to speak, to talk
    hablar en broma: to be joking
    2)
    hablar de : to mention, to talk about
    3)
    dar que hablar : to make people talk
    hablar vt
    1) : to speak (a language)
    2) : to talk about, to discuss
    háblalo con tu jefe: discuss it with your boss
    * * *
    hablar vb
    1. (idiomas, por teléfono, dar un discurso) to speak [pt. spoke; pp. spoken]
    ¿hablas inglés? do you speak English?
    ¿puedo hablar con Javi? can I speak to Javi?
    2. (conversar) to talk
    ¡ni hablar! no way!

    Spanish-English dictionary > hablar

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